Term
|
Definition
| a deceptive, misleading, or false notion, belief[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a dangerous and irreversible course[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
authority, emotion, logic Rhetorical arguments in which the speaker: either claims to be
an expert or relies on information provided by experts (appeal to authority), attempts to
affect the listener's personal feelings (appeal to emotion), or attempts to persuade the
listener through use of deductive reasoning (appeal to logic).[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. Parallel structure may be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb; it may take the form of two or more of the same type of phrases (prepositional, participial, gerund, appositive) that modify the same noun or verb; it may also take the form of two or more subordinate clauses that modify the same noun or verb. Or, parallel structure may be a complex bend of singe-word, phrase, and clause parallelism all in the same sentence.
Example (from Churchill): “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields.”[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a particular tendency or inclination, especially one that prevents unprejudice consideration of a question; prejudice
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factual arguments basically try to establish one of two things: Whether something exists or not. & Whether claims made about something are true. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arguments that use tactic attempts to appeal to the hearts of readers
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
logical fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence
[image] |
|
|
Term
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc |
|
Definition
A occurs before B, therefor, A is the cause of B
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
to demand by or as by virtue of a right; demand as a right or as due [image]
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an admission in an argument that the opposing side has points; to grant, allow or yield to a point
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This fallacy consists in assuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| represents an appeal to the audience's emotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of evidential support that extends deductive logic to less-than-certain inferences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arguments are evaluated in terms of their validity and soundness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information that is acquired by observation or experimentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evidence= Proof of a claim. Logical= scientifically/reasonably verifiable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| claim of non-factual information based on a person's experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fallacy in logical argumentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Able to be believed; convincing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Position A and B are two extreme positions.
- C is a position that rests in the middle between A and B.
- Therefore C is the correct position.
|
|
|
Term
|
Refutation (counterargument) |
|
Definition
| The part of an argument in which a speaker or writer counters opposing points of view. In classical rhetoric, refutation was one of the progymnasmata. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persuading by the use of reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When someone adopts a popular point of view for the primary purpose of recognition and/or acceptance by others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause; also : a public action having such an effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An attack on the person proposing an argument rather than on the argument itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An either/or fallacy occurs when a speaker makes a claim (usually a premise in an otherwise valid deductive argument) that presents an artificial range of choices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understatement, especially that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the use of equivocal or ambiguous expressions, especially in order to mislead or hedge; prevarication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fundamental character or spirit of a culture; the underlying sentiment that informs the beliefs, customs, or practices of a group or society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences |
|
|
