Term
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Definition
repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence.
*Let us go forth to lead the land we love. J. F. Kennedy, Inaugural
*Viri validis cum viribus luctant. Ennius
*Veni, vidi, vici. Julius Caesar |
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Term
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Definition
the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or
lines.
*We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. Churchill.
*Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed etiam videam planeque sentiam. Cicero, In Catilinam |
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Term
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Definition
transposition of normal word order; most often found in Latin in the case of prepositions and the words they control. Anastrophe is a form of hyperbaton.
*The helmsman steered; the ship moved on; yet never a breeze up blew. Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
*Isdem in oppidis, Cicero |
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Term
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Definition
a sudden turn from the general audience to address a specific group or person or personified abstraction absent or present.
*For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel.
Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar
Heu, vatum ignarae mentes! Aeneid IV 65 |
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Term
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Definition
lack of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.
*We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardships, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. J. F. Kennedy, Inaugural
*But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. Lincoln, Gettysburg Address |
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Term
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Definition
| Identity or similarity in vowel sounds in neighboring words |
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Term
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Definition
two corresponding pairs arranged not in parallels (a-b-a-b) but in inverted order
(a-b-b-a); from shape of the Greek letter chi (X).
*Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. MacArthur
Nunc eadem labente die convivia quaerit Aeneic IV 77
et pacis ornamenta et subsidia belli. Cicero, Pro lege Manilia |
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Term
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Definition
is an extended and elaborate description of a work of art, a building, or natural
setting. |
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Term
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Definition
the continuation of a unit of thought beyond the end of one verse and into the
first few feet of the next. |
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Term
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Definition
Synchesis or Chiasmus with a verb in the middle.
Quis novus his nostris successit sedibus hospes, Aeneid IV 10 |
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Term
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Definition
separation of words which belong together, often to emphasize the first of the separated words or to create a certain image.
*Speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem Vergil, Aeneid 4.124, 165 |
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Term
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Definition
expression of something which is contrary to the intended meaning; the words say one
thing but mean another.
*Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honourable man. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar |
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Term
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Definition
understatement, for intensification, by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed.
(Sometimes used synonymously with meiosis.)
*A few unannounced quizzes are not inconceivable.
*War is not healthy for children and other living things.
...haud illo segnior . . . Aeneid IV 149 |
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Term
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Definition
implied comparison achieved through a figurative use of words; the word is used not
in its literal sense, but in one analogous to it.
*Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage. Shakespeare, Macbeth
*. . . while he learned the language (that meager and fragile thread . . . by which the little surface corners and edges of men's secret and solitary lives may be joined for an instant now and then before sinking back into the darkness. . . ) Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom!
*From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. W. Churchill |
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Term
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Definition
substitution of one word for another which it suggests.
*He is a man of the cloth.
*The pen is mightier than the sword.
*By the sweat of thy brow thou shalt eat thy bread.
Polyptoton: Repetition of a word in different cases |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition of a word in different cases |
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Term
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Definition
an explicit comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as'.
*My love is as a fever, longing still
For that which longer nurseth the disease, Shakespeare, Sonnet CXLVII
*Reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope. D. Hume [?]
*Let us go then, you and I,
While the evening is spread out against the sky,
...qualis coniecta cerva sagitta. Aeneid IV. 69 |
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Term
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Definition
interlocked word order.
*aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem Vergil, Aeneid 4.139 (also a golden line) |
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Term
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Definition
understanding one thing with another; the use of a part for the whole, or the whole
for the part. (A form of metonymy.)
*Give us this day our daily bread. Matthew 6
*I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.
T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
*The U.S. won three gold medals. (Instead of, The members of the U.S. boxing team won three gold medals.) |
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Term
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Definition
(Enallage) the transference of an epithet from the word to which it strictly belongs
to another word connected in thought.
stat sonipes ac frena ferox spumantia mandit Aeneid IV 135 (& the fierce horse chomped at the
frothing bit) |
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Term
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Definition
the accumulation of Three Parallel phrases or clauses, the last of which is longer
than the rest. |
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