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| The fact that a rhetor can whip (rallier) an audience into emotional frenzy (frenesie, delire) has been a reason to condemn rhetoric. |
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| the separation between the act of passion (base impulses, desires,feelings) and reason (control) we fear that impulses will lead us into acts that are primitive or based on deception. |
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1- they are not things
2- They are patterns of response
3- Conditioned by our thoughts
4- Connected to language |
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Term
| 3 major sources of influence on audience judgment: |
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Definition
| 1- Logos = the argument of the case itself (subject) 2- Ethos = perception of the rhetor's character (source) 3- Pathos = audience's emotional engagement (self) |
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| Practical Reasoning = involves more than intellectual activity |
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Definition
1- rhetorical arguments come in bits and pieces, requiring us to fill in the blanks
2- our preferences, needs, desires, and values enter into our evaluation of important things. |
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Term
| Practical Syllogism = 2 premises and a conclusion |
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Definition
| Premise about the agent, premise about the conditions, conclusion results in action |
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Term
| 2 Misconceptions about Emotions |
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Definition
Emotions are things, separate from who we are.
stored up emotions, pent up anger, our inner feelings.
We view ourselves a passive receivers of emotional tides
fall in love, struck by jealousy, overwhelmed by guilt, devastated by grief. |
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| Rhetoric holds an ACTIVE view of emotions and the audiences that experience them |
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Definition
Emotions are interpretations/judgments about something or someone.
What type of judgment does emotions involve?
Practical syllogism; puts the object in relation to self and the resulting judgment involves self. |
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| 1- Normative: require criteria (may be cultural) 2- Unique : we don't have a single emotion called "love" 3- Depends on language: a dog can't ask why he is being hit with a stick and then get angry 4- Experienced in eventful ways: occur in time, felt with respect to a specific referent, and culminate in acts that express judgments. (is your love of your mother tied to a specific event?) |
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| Act of interpreting our experiences through symbols for the purpose of making sound practical choices. |
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| Refers to the self-evoking aspects of our total response to the arguments brought before for us for our active consideration. |
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| 3 factors part of emotions considered as a thought |
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Definition
1- referent (a thing, a person, an event)
2- self involving judgment called feeling
3- toward the future (goal-oriented state or telic) |
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Term
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Definition
| If we don't like the subject but we like the rhetor, we self involve since we care about him or her. |
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