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RHE 321 Concepts
definitions and examples of rhetorical concepts from Jasinski
25
Writing
Undergraduate 3
11/17/2011

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Term
the 5 canons of rhetoric
Definition
1. invention (inventio): Trish coming up with paper prompts
2. arrangement (dispositio): 5 paragraph essay
3. style (elocutio)
4. memory (memoria)
5. delivery: preacher giving a sermon
Term
condensation symbol
Definition
a name, word, phrase or maxim which stirs vivid impressions involving the listener's most basic values: bald eagle & American or pig & police
Term
apologia
Definition
a formal written defense of one's opinion or wrongdoing; 5 postures- seek acquittal, seek absolution, attempt an explanation, seek vindication and justification: Don Imus's apology to the Rutgers University Women's Basketball team
Term
prophetic ethos
Definition
genre in which one comes to know truth due to some divine inspiration or revelation; may include biblical/religious references or allusions: MLK's "I Have Been to the Mountaintop"
Term
identification
Definition
means by which an author may establish a shared sense of values, attitudes and interests with his readers to overcome, if any, division:
Term
needs case
Definition
affirmative case construction that demonstrates that, unless the ill/problem is solved, serious consequences will will result:
Term
paired terms
Definition
associating certain attributes/ideas/concepts with each other in order to create a connotation in thought; binary terms in opposition to each other: christian/communism
Term
manifesto
Definition
a type of verbal/linguistic slap directed at unjust and oppressive social conditions: The Declaration of Independence
Term
persona
Definition
a mask or voice that a performer uses for a particular purpose; different from the real character of the speaker: Sasha Fierce (Beyonce's stage persona)
Term
rhetorical situation
Definition
context of a rhetorical event that consists of an issue, a speaker, an audience, and a set of constraints; a local school board fires a principal or teacher and a parents speaks out during a PTA meeting or writes a letter to the school board
Term
jeremiad
Definition
a long, mournful complaint, lamentation or prophecy of times which suggests that life was better an earlier point in time: Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address
Term
epideictic
Definition
a type of oratory used to eulogize or condemn a person or group of people; usually delivered during ceremonial occasions and displays one's mastery of oratorical technique: Oprah Winfrey's Eulogy of Rosa Parks
Term
phronesis
Definition
prudence of practical knowledge; commonly referred to as common sense: Look both ways before crossing the street
Term
intended audience
Definition
the audience who an author addresses their work to intentionally:
Term
figures/figuration
Definition
any device or pattern of language in which meaning is enhanced or changed;
figures of speech (metaphors, anaphora, alliteration, asyndeton, polysyndeton, etc)
Term
fallacy of the false dilemma
Definition
logical fallacy that involves a situation in which only two alternatives are considered, when in fact there are additional options: either you're with me or you're against me
Term
actual audience
Definition
the audience who actually receives the author’s work:
Term
straw man fallacy
Definition
fallacy where one misinterprets the opposition's argument to make it seem weaker: Senator Dickson suggested we eliminate the fund for attack missiles. I disagree. I don't understand why he wants to leave us defenseless.
Term
argumentum ad ignorantium
Definition
an argument for or against a proposition on the basis of a lack of evidence against or for it: No one has proven that UFOs exist. Therefore, UFOs don't exist.
Term
argumentum ad misercordium
Definition
an irrelevant appeal to pity: Joe Paterno is an old, dying man. It would be wrong for him to stand trial for alleged offenses.
Term
solvency
Definition
the part of a case when the rhetor proposing a policy shows it really will solve the problem identified in the “needs” case
Term
essentialized attributes
Definition
attributes which are generalized to represent a larger entity. [and assumed to be an inherent and unchangeable part of the group: All Asian women work in nail salons.
Term
scapegoating
Definition
holding an individual or group responsible for something they didn’t do: Muslims being blamed for all terrorist attacks
Term
the "no true Scotsman" fallacy
Definition
a fallacy in which all counterexamples of a group are rejected by claiming the examples given are not representative of the group they are from:
Term
subjectivity
Definition
a model of the self, what makes us autonomous, where we get our values
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