Term
| What does the name "Rhabdoviridae" mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the Rhabdoviridae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who all can Rhabdoviridae infect? |
|
Definition
| a wide variety of fish, mammals, birds, and even plants; any type of animal is at risk |
|
|
Term
| What is the most famous member of the Rhabdoviridae family? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only important human pathogen of the Rhabdoviridae family? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Lyssavirus cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Rhabdoviridae enveloped? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the nucleocapsid of Rhabdoviridae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class are Rhabdoviridae? |
|
Definition
Baltimore Class V
(-) ssRNA |
|
|
Term
| What part of Rhabdoviridae binds to the host cell receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do Rhabdoviridae enter the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is RNA of Rhabdoviridae released in the host cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the viral genome of Rhabdoviridae replicated in the host cell? |
|
Definition
| by a viral polymerase: copies the genome (in the cytoplasm) into mRNA for translation & transcription |
|
|
Term
| How do Rhabdoviridae escape from the host cell? |
|
Definition
| by budding (makes sense because enveloped virus) |
|
|
Term
| How is rabies virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
1. through direct contact with an infected host (ex - rabid animal)
2. in some cases inhalation (ex - virus containing aerosol from infected bat)
3. rarely corneal & organ transplants |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of rabies virus? |
|
Definition
| LONG: virus replicates at the site of entry & remains localized for days to months |
|
|
Term
| What is the pattern of rabies virus movement in the body? |
|
Definition
| from local sites to peripheral nerves to CNS |
|
|
Term
| When does the rabies virus cause MAJOR symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major sites of CNS infection by rabies virus? |
|
Definition
1. hippocampus
2. brain stem
3. Purkinje's cells of the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| How does the rabies virus travel to other areas of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be used to block the viral spread of rabies? |
|
Definition
neutralizing antibodies
-ANTIBODY MEDIATED RESPONSE IMPORTANT!-
antibodies need to be administered during incubation period |
|
|
Term
| What "type of disease" is rabies? |
|
Definition
| zoonotic - disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major reservoir groups for rabies? |
|
Definition
1. Urban - dogs are primary transmitter
2. Sylvatic (forest) - many species serve as transmitters |
|
|
Term
| What is the incidence of rabies in the USA? |
|
Definition
~1 case per year (humans)
Rabies is lethal but limited in this country. |
|
|
Term
| Unless treated, rabies is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are initial/early symptoms of rabies? |
|
Definition
1. fever
2. malaise
3. headache
4. GI symptoms
5. fatigue
6. discomfort & numbness |
|
|
Term
| How soon after bite/initial symptoms of rabies do neurological symptoms appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some neurological symptoms of rabies? |
|
Definition
1. hydrophobia, difficulty swallowing (victims locally paralyzed and unable to swallow, become agitated at sight of water)
2. seizures
3. disorientation/confusion
4. hallucinations
5. paralysis
6. respiratory insufficiency
7. insomnia
8. anxiety, excitation, agitation |
|
|
Term
| After neurological symptoms of rabies appear, how long until death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the factors in how fast rabies travels from bite site/site of local infection/local epithelial tissue to neurons? |
|
Definition
| how large of a dose of it is received |
|
|
Term
| What does the rabies cross to do most of its damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does rabies virus grow well? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the initial site of infection for rabies look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the site of the bite by rabies infection looks to be healing, is the virus gone? |
|
Definition
| no, it is still growing underneath |
|
|
Term
| What category of wild animals sees the highest rate of infection in the U.S. according to recent data? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rabies usually diagnosed? |
|
Definition
post-mortem:
direct fluorescent Ab |
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark of a cell infected by rabies? |
|
Definition
| Negri bodies in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| How *can* rabies be diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| antigen detection in tissue and body fluids |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat rabies postexposure in humans? |
|
Definition
1. vaccine
2. immunoglobin dose (IgG) |
|
|
Term
| What are the vaccine options for humans concerning rabies? |
|
Definition
3 IM (intermuscular) of HDCV or PCEC
-human diploid cell vaccine (stem cell)
-purified chicken embryo cell
-CHEMICALLY INACTIVATED VIRUS! |
|
|
Term
| What vaccine is given for animals concerning rabies? |
|
Definition
-KILLED VIRUS
-V-RG glycoprotein in vaccinia |
|
|
Term
| Does cell-mediated immunity aid in the fight against rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general reservoir for rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the vector options for rabies? |
|
Definition
| wild animals & unvaccinated dogs & cats |
|
|
Term
| What is the principal reservoir for rabies in most of the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principal reservoir for rabies in the USA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rhabdoviridae are the __________ for replication of (-) strand enveloped viruses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two viruses associated with Rhabdoviridae? |
|
Definition
| Lyssavirus and Vesiculovirus |
|
|
