Term
This is the site of Protien
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Definition
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Term
| Protien is made here and Ribosomes live here |
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Definition
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Term
| This is where protien is packaged |
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Definition
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Term
| Digestive waste and neutralizing 02 takes place here |
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Definition
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Term
| This holds the cell together to make its shape |
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Definition
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Term
| This is lipid soluable so things can be absorded |
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Definition
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Term
| This is what stops things from getting in the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules move randomly away from areas where they are most concentrated |
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Definition
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Term
H20 follows?
K+ pumps out? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water follows what so cell can be diluted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules move across membrane with help |
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Definition
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Term
| This is part of facilitated diffusion requires no chemical bond, it just pushed through membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| This is part of facilitated diffusion requires a chemical bond with a non lipid souble |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of transport requires enery and an increase in K+ |
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Definition
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Term
| ATP is used to directly move a substance against the concentration |
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Definition
| Primary- Active transport |
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Term
| The energy created by Primary active transport is harnessed used to facilitate the transport of a second substance |
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Definition
| Secondary- active transport |
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Term
| 3 ways to get into a cell |
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Definition
Diffusion/osmois
Facilitated difusion (Pinocytosis, carrier Protied)
Active Transport( Primary, Secondary) |
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Term
| What are the 2 ways Seondary active transport works? |
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Definition
co transport= same direction
counter transport =opp direction |
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Term
| What are the three types of Receptor Protiens |
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Definition
G-protien
Enzyme linked
Ion Channel Protien |
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Term
| Activation creates a second messanger to turn on internal cellular system.... in and out of membrain 7 times to creat somekind of internal responce |
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Definition
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Term
| Directly mediated cellular responce... Something hooks up with a receptor to single a responce |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid Synaptic singnaling..Need a fast change, special protien span with lipid membrain, protiens under go open channels |
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Definition
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Term
| You can go in and out of this as you please |
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Definition
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Term
| Lingand opens to allow stuff to go in |
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Definition
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Term
| Opening/ closing depends on an electrical single |
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Definition
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Term
| this is the basis of Anarobic metabolism, it uses 2 ATP to create 4 ATP & Pyruvic acid |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of acid converts to lactiv acid during anaerobic metabolism if it hangs around to long=BAD....This is how Kreb cycle starts |
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Definition
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Term
| During the Kreb Cycle High energy bonds are formed in Citric acid cycle to convert what(Aerobic) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell firing in a responce to a chemical change is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Change with Chemical, Electrical or Physical Activity |
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Term
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Definition
- (RESTING MEMBRAIN)
- Begin with neg charge, Stim causes na channels to open, Na diffuses in to make cell +
- (THRESHOLD)
- More na makes cell more+=Depolorazation
- (ACTION POTENTIAL)
- K+channels open, K+diffuse out, cell neg= repolarization
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Term
| This allows stressed cell to maintain fuction and survive |
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Definition
Atrophy-wasting away
Hypertrophy- cells enlarge
Hyperplasia- More cells
Dysplasia- Abnormal responce to instructions |
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Term
| These are molecules with an unpaired electron, they are unstable, and inhibit action of ROS |
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Definition
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Term
| How Do you get rid of free readicals |
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Definition
| Antioxidants- Chain reaction- d/t Oxidative stress |
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Term
| How are Free readicals formed |
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Definition
| Ishemia, Inflammation, Perfusion injury, Toxic agents, oxigen toxicity, Radiation |
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Term
| What do Free radicals do? |
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Definition
| Damage cells and cause mitrochondira break down |
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Term
| What neutralizes free radicals |
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Definition
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Term
What causes Hypoxic cellular injury?
Aerobic Matabolism |
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Definition
- Bad blood flow-no 02=0 ATP
- NA/K pump cannot run fast enough
- Cell swells d/t to much sodium
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Term
What causes Hypoxic Injury
Anaerobic metabolism |
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Definition
Same time as aerobic
- constant use of lactic acid builds up and this causes damage to cell
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Term
| Two Problems associated with Hypoxic Injury |
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Definition
| Cell swells and Damamge cell |
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Term
| What happens during Calcium Causade |
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Definition
- too much calcium caused by ishemia/injury
- acts as second messanger
- turns on enzymes
- atp depletion
- opens gates allow too much calcium
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Term
| During this the cell membrain is comprimised and it causes cell death |
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Definition
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Term
| Cellular Injury....Shrunken Nucleous |
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Definition
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Term
| Cellular Injury..Degration of nucleous |
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Definition
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Term
| Unregulated injury to cell that causes cell to swell and rupture and causes imflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell gets warn out, body kills cell cause it is old, causes no inflammation cell simply just dies |
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Definition
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Term
| Apotosis can be Initiated by? |
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Definition
Normal weaning
Loss of single
Mitochodrial damage
Dna Damage |
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Term
| DNA damage( P53) causes what 3 things |
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Definition
Fix cell back in line
fix cell in coma
begine aptosis |
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Term
How Does Stress and Adaption work
Begin angiotension/ aldosterone |
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Definition
- Decrease B/V to kidneys
- Kidneys relase Renine
- Angiotension I- weak
- AI hooks up with ACE in lungs
- Angeo tension II- Strong
- Adrenal cortex stimulated
- Aldosterone released- causes kidnes to reaborb na & secrete k
- Reabsorbed na = increase blood volume
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Term
| How does Sympathetic NS work |
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Definition
- Pain/fear- decrease BP- Hypothalmus
- SNS activated
- SNS neurons activated
- Norepinephrine activated in ADRENAL CORTEX
- Epinephrine released... now HR, BP increase
- BV constict
- Cut off blood flow to gut to save cardiac life
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Term
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Definition
| Causes Vasoconstiction....Pulls fluid back in core brains lungs heart |
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Term
| What does Cortisol cause? |
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Definition
| Catabolism... Stop production of immune cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does processing MRNA work? |
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Definition
Remove some parts( Introns)
Keep some parts (exons) |
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Term
| This carries Amino acids, it lines up by matching its anticodone to mrna's codon |
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Definition
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Term
| Two daughter cells are made that look just like the mother cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Gamme formation...A chromosome divides into 2 daughter cells that then divide into 2 unique gamete with only one copy of each chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during crossing over? |
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Definition
| Meosis- Chromosomes line up.. they exchange ends... result 4 gametes each unique with different combinations of genes. |
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Term
| A persons genetic material(i got) |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical characteristics ( u see) |
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Definition
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Term
| Manner in which gene is exspressed in phenotype (mild - severe) (in me) |
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Definition
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Term
| Ability of the gene to exspress its function in a population |
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Definition
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Term
| This is exspressed in the phenotype |
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Definition
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Term
| This is not exspressed but is passed on |
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Definition
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Term
| % of having single gene autonominal dom |
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Definition
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Term
| % of having single gene autonomal recessive |
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Definition
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Term
| % of having sex linked disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Oncogenesis... What are 2 things that have to happen for cancer to happen? |
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Definition
- Mutation of proto-oncogene(normal genes control cell division)
- Mutation of tumor supressor gene( growth inhibitor regulator gene, repairs dna)
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Term
| Well differentiated cell that is localized and looks like normal tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Undifferentiated cell that spreads and does not look like normal tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Neoplasma |
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Definition
- Proliferate like crazy
- do not mature normally or act like normal cells
- do not die
- extend tissue boundaries
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Term
| This is a way to be diagnoses- creates hormones, and coagulation factors |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some toxcities of cancer? |
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Definition
- Bone marrow supression
- Gi tract
- extravastation
- carcingenesis
- alopecia
- hyperurcemia
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Term
| What is the chain of infection? |
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Definition
Reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
suseptible victim
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Term
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Definition
Incubation.. 1st found starts to reproduce no s/s
Prodomal.. first nonspecific s/s acky
Acute.. worst s/s
Convalscent.. start to feel better
Resolution.. all better |
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Term
Alter/ inactive cell process....
Start clotting fact/ activate inflammation
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Definition
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Term
What connects CHO to bacterial cell?
What connects viruses to cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to ATB kill bacterial |
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Definition
Cell wall...Protien..nucleic acid synthesis
Bacterial metabolism |
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Term
| These are first responders..Phagocytic.. release protease- cytokins |
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Definition
| Neutrophiles... messengers that coordinate immune/ inflam responce |
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Term
| These move are phagocytic..active adaptive immunity becomes APC... increase inflammation responce and activate healing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Undifferentiated lymp, cancer cells, automadically kill foreign cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| APC tells immune system what to attack...Macrophages/ dendrite engulf invaders with non self marker, show non self to CD4(helper T), CD4 releases cytokines.. CD8 and B cells are now activated to kill invaders. B cells turn into plama cells that release antibodies that attach to atigen to destroy it.. the memory b cells continue to monitor |
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Term
| Macrophages engulf antigen and then present to cd4 cell to activate b cells |
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Definition
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Term
| B memory cells respond to the antigen immediately no CD-4 effect... This happens over a couple of days and is a huge responce |
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Definition
| Secondary immune responce |
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Term
| The only way to increase the immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive reaction on Mast vell to something it has previously been exsposed to |
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Definition
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Term
| When mast cell degenerates what happens? |
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Definition
| Histomine is released.. Hate... it constricst airways and clood flow |
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Term
| What does Arachidonic acid create? |
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Definition
Prostoglandins (pain)
Leutriens (inflammation) |
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Term
| Antibody mediated responce..Myasthenia gravis... Creates antibodies agains ACH on Muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Antibody antigen complex..Inappropriate responce to immune system.. instead of breaking up they clump together and cause tissue dammage |
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Definition
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Term
| Delayed type cause by T cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial endotoxins.. Inflammation mediators cause this |
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Definition
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Term
| Mastcell degeneration and vasodialation causes this |
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Definition
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Term
| Body goes crazy and their is a mad distribution of fluids |
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Definition
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Term
| If you don't go into shock this happens.. Nurse must cause vasoconstriction and fluid resusciation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Acute renal failure...Ards.. DIC |
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Term
| warms shock.. bodies attempt to maintain BF tries to hold onto fluids increase HR and BP |
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Definition
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