1. Data that is used in research that was originally obtained through the direct efforts of a researcher through surveys, interviews, and direct observation. Costlier to obtain.

1. Data that was collected by someone OTHER than the user. Common secondary data is information collected by the government.

1. A focus group is a small group of individuals who are selected based on certain similarities such as age, stage in life, or place of residence. Trying to set up a focus group with certain similarities helps to keep individuals from feeling intimidated by others' opinions.

1. It is a group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision making. Used in any group size to make a decision quickly. As by a vote but want everyone’s opinion to be taken into account. Often rank final options and tally,

1. Structured communication techniques originally designed as a forecasting effort which relies on a panel of experts. The experts answer questions in two or more rounds.

1. systematic approach to collecting information from individuals that identifies risk factors, provides individualized feedback, and links the person with at least one intervention to promote health, sustain function and/or prevent disease

1. A statement used as a way of communicating the overall purpose of the organization.

1. states the results one hopes to attain by intervention activities.

1. A broad and ambitious statement of the ideal long term impact of the intervention.

1. a written statement identifying an action or pattern of actions to be expected after an intervention.

1. Social Assessment

2. Epidemiological Assessment

3. Educational & Ecological Assessment

4. Administrative and Policy Assessment

5. Implementation

6. Process Evaluation

7. Impact Evaluation

8. Outcome Evaluation

Multilevel Approach to Community Health

1. Goals Selection

2. Intervention Selection

3. Program Development

4. Implementation Preparations

5. Evaluation

1. A focused and reasonable statement about the desired long-term impact of your program. The "who" is almost always the priority population with a health problem. Impact objectives are usually too broad to be the direct result of one program or campaign. 

Planned Approach to Community Health

1. Mobilizing the Community

2. Collecting and Organizing the Data

3. Choosing Health Priorities

4. Developing a Comprehensive Intervention Plan

5. Evaluating PATCH

1. Are concreate attainments that can be achieved by following a certain number of steps.

something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; goal; target:

1. Specific

2. Measurable

3. Attainable

4. Realistic

5. Timely

Does the test measure what it is intended to measure?

Internal and External Validity

1. Ultimate goal or product of a program or treatment

   1. Most inclusive type of evaluation

   2. Includes mortality/morbidity data, vital signs, symptoms, signs, or physiological indicators

   3. Long Term and expensive

      1. Questions:

         1. What effect is the program having on its stakeholders or participants?

         2. What unexpected outcomes, if any, have resulted from the program

         3. What can be modified to make the program more effective

         4. Is there any evidence funding should continue?

1. Exploratory phase

   1. Planning and implementation phase

   2. Is the program being formed correctly

   3. Appropriateness and fesability

   4. Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods

   5. Primarily internal

1. Examines all aspects of program implementation

   1. What components are effective?

   2. Whom is the intervention effective for?

   3. Under what conditions is the intervention effective?

   4. To what extent was the program implemented as planned

1. Determines effectiveness

   1. Cumulative or comprehensive

   2. Permits conclusions to be drawn about impact, outcome and benefits.

   3. Usually conducted by outside evaluators

   4. Quantitative data collection

1. Immediate observable effects of a program

   1. Change of awareness, knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors

   2. What is the behavioral impact or change due to implementation?

1. Data type consisting of numerical scores that exist on an ordinal scale. EX: Is your general health poor (1), Fair (2), Good (3), Excellent (4). The numbers represent the ordinal data. Only used to establish a ranking numbers have no significance what so ever. Just placing in order.

1. Interval scales provide information about order, and also possess equal intervals. Often used in temperature. The difference between 20-24 is the same as 70-74.

1. In addition to possessing the qualities of nominal, ordinal, and interval scales, a ratio scale has an absolute zero (a point where none of the quality being measured exists). Using a ratio scale permits comparisons such as being twice as high, or one-half as much.

1. The number of times an event occurred in an experiment or study.

1. The bivariate Pearson Correlation produces a sample correlation coefficient, r, which measures the strength and direction of linear relationships between pairs of continuous variables. By extension, the Pearson Correlation evaluates whether there is statistical evidence for a linear relationship among the same pairs of variables in the population, represented by a population correlation coefficient, ρ (“rho”).

1. Engage Stakeholders

2. Describe the Program

3. Focus the Evaluation Design

4. Gather Credible Evidence

5. Justify Conclusions

6. Ensure use and share lessons learned

STANDARDS:

1. Utility

2. Feasibility

3. Propriety

4. Accuracy

1. is a pact or treaty among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest, joining forces together for a common cause.

1. Stage Theory is based on the idea that organizations pass through a series of steps or stages as they change.

2. After stages are recognized, strategies to promote change can be matched to various points in the process of change.

3. According to Stage theory, adoption of an innovation usually follows several stages.

Each stage requires a specific set of strategies that are contingent on the organization's stage of adopting, implementing, and sustaining new approaches as well as socio-environmental factors

1. Media advocacy is the strategic use of the mass media to support community organizing to advance a social or public policy initiative. Essential steps include strategy development, setting the agenda, shaping debate, and advancing policy.

1. A philosophy that certain health decisions are best left in the hands of those providing healthcare

1. public service ad, are messages in the public interest disseminated by the media without charge, with the objective of raising awareness, changing public attitudes and behavior towards a social issue.

1. Requires knowledge about the various legislative and regulatory processes, as well as how to work with the media, and build strong coalitions.