Term
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Definition
| positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| particles found in the nucleus that have no charge |
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Term
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Definition
| negatively charged particles found in the electron cloud of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of protons in the atom |
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Term
| What is the difference between a molecule and a compound? |
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Definition
| A molecule is one single atom, but a compound is a combination of elements. |
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Term
| What is the difference between an ionic compound and a covalent compound? |
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Definition
| Ionic compounds are formed by ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred between two atoms. A covalent compound is formed by a covalent bond, where electrons are shared between two atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
(I think an example of this would be water's polarity, right?) |
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Term
| Describe the structure of carbon and how it makes it easy for carbon to create bonds with other elements. |
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Definition
| Carbon has four valence electrons, making it easy for many different elements to bond with it. Carbon is found in every major group of organic chemicals (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). |
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Term
| Explain the properties of water molecules, including its polarity and hydrogen bonds. |
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Definition
| Water molecules consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The three atoms share covalent bonds, sharing hydrogen's electrons.
Because the electrons from the hydrogen atoms are shared with the oxygen atom, a water molecule is bent. It is called "polar" because the oxygen side of the molecule is negative (it GAINED two electrons) and the hydrogen side is positive (it GAVE AWAY two electrons).
Water's polarity allows it to attract other water molecules through hydrogen bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water's polarity makes it the greatest solvent known to Earth. It can dissolve ionic compounds and other polar molecules easily. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture in which all components are evenly distributed |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance in which solutes dissolve |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that is dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| a scale showing the percentage of H+ and HO- ions in a substance |
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Term
| What is the pH of an acid? Which ions are in an acid? |
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Definition
| The pH of an acid is always less than 7. There are more H+ ions than OH- ions in an acid. |
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Term
| What is the pH of an base? Which ions are in an base? |
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Definition
| The pH of a base is always more than 7. There are less H+ ions than OH- ions in a base. |
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Term
| The following substances are bases or acids?
Lemon juice, vinegar, stomach acid, baking soda, milk |
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Definition
| Acids
(If you got this wrong, I'll hurt you. Honestly. It even says "stomach ACID" in the list.) |
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Term
| The following substances are bases or acids?
Bleach, dish detergent, oven cleaner, hair straightener |
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Definition
| Bases
(A way to remember which are bases and which are acids: Acids tend to have a sour taste, and bases have a bitter taste.) |
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Term
| Is pure water a base or an acid? |
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Definition
| Neither. Pure water is 7 on a pH scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| macromolecule that contains nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Term
| What is the function of a protein? |
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Definition
| Proteins help to carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and help fight diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
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Term
| What is the function of a carbohydrate? |
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Definition
| Carbs are used as a main source of energy, and are found in starches and sugars. |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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Term
| What is the function of a lipid? |
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Definition
| Lipids store energy, and some are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings of plants. They can be found in fats, oils, and waxes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
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Term
| What is the function of nucleic acids? What are the two types? |
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Definition
| Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information. The two types of nucleic acids are RNA and DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phophate group, and a nitrogenuous base |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the smaller units that helps form a macromolecule through polymerization |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the larger units that helps form a macromolecule; made up of monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| energy needed to get a reaction started |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a polysaccharide fiber that is tough and flexible and gives plants strength and rigidity |
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