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Retroperitoneal Pathology
Powerpoint
20
Pathology
Undergraduate 2
04/13/2011

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Cards

Term
Paraortic Lymph Nodes
Definition

Nodes are not seen unless enlarged

Usually appears as a rounded, echo-poor mass 1-3 cm in size.  If larger may displace surrounding structures.

“mantle” sign—group of nodes surrounding the aorta

   “sandwich” sign– group of nodes surrounding the mesenteric vessels

Term
Adrenal Cysts
Definition

Usually an incidental finding

Usually unilateral

May be uni or multi-locular

Cysts may become calcified

Term
Cortical Syndromes
Definition

 

Addison’s syndrome

Adrenogenital syndrome

Conn’s syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

 

Term
Addison’s syndrome
Definition
adrenal hypofunction that may be of adrenal or pituitary origin.  May be due to an adrenal tumor or mets.
Term
Adrenogenital syndrome 
Definition
adrenal excretes excess androgens producing abberant sex traits
Term
Conn’s syndrome 
Definition
excessive excretion of aldosterone
Term
Cushing’s syndrome 
Definition
excessive excretion of glucocorticoids—patient develops “fat pads” especially in the upper torso
Term
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Definition
hemorrhage into adrenals that causes insufficiency—usually caused by meningococcal infection
Term
Adrenal Tumors
Definition

Pheochromocytoma

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in excessive quantities

Patient presents with intermittent hypertension

US findings of a variable appearing mass

Term
Adrenal Tumors
Definition

Adrenal neuroblastoma

Most common malignancy of the adrenals in childhood

Arises in the medulla

US findings of  an echogenic mass

Term
Primary Retroperitoneal Tumors
Definition

Tumor that original independently in the retroperitoneum

Leiomyosarcoma

Liposarcomas

Fibrosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas

Teratomas

Term
Retroperitoneal Fluid Collections
Definition

Urinoma—walled-off collection of extravasated urine

US findings of a sonolucent mass

Hemorrhage

US findings vary according to age of blood

 

Abscess-may be due to surgery, trauma, or GI perforation

US findings of a complex mass

Term
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Definition

Thick sheets of fibrous tissue develops in the retroperitoneum

May occur with abdominal aortic aneurysms

US findings of a discrete mass anterior and lateral to the great vessels

Term
Urinoma
Definition
walled off collection of urine; occurs secondary to trauma, surgery or urinary obstruction
Term
Hemorrhage 
Definition

due to trauma, vasculitis, leaking aortic aneurysm, or bleed neoplasm

Term
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Definition

May compress the IVC, AO, or ureters

Associated with taking methysergide for migraines and other drugs

Also known as Ormond’s disease

Term
Leiomyosarcoma
Definition
solid with possible necrosis
Term

Liposarcomas

Definition
echogenic
Term

Fibrosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas

Definition
highly reflective with invasion into surrounding tissues
Term
Teratomas
Definition
Complex
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