Term
| A cause for encephalitis due to vectors? |
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Definition
Alpha virus (a togavirus)
headache and fever
altered consciousness
focal neurologic deficits |
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Term
Rubivirus
exception to the arboviruses? |
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Definition
no insect vector, so not an arbovirus; spread by respiratory secretions
a togavirus
Rubella: rash from forehead to face to torso to extremities
R in TORCHES
Rash similar to measles, but less severe, and no Koplik's spots |
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Term
| Cause of West Nile virus, Yellow Fever, and Dengue fever? |
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Definition
FLAVIviridae
Yellow fever: hepatitis with jaundice, fever, backache
Dengue fever: "break bone fever," painful fever, high fever along with headaches, muscle aches, joint aches, backaches
-Dengue hemorrhagic fever: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia and septic shock
West Nile: fever, meningitis, encephalitis or myelitis that produces flaccid paralysis |
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Term
Poliovirus
family
clinical findings |
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Definition
Picorna virus
ENTEROviridae
Mild febrile infants: babies in LDC
Aseptic meningitis: recovery in one week
Paralytic poliomyelitis: flaccid paralysis due to necrosis of the large motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spiral cord |
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Term
Coxsackie A & B
family
clinical findings |
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Definition
Picorna viruses
ENTEROviridae
"cold" rashes, viral meningitis
Herpangina: fever, sore throat and small red-based vesicles over back of throat
Hand Foot and Mouth disease: kids < 5, vesicles erupt on hands, foot and mouth, highly contagious
*Viral meningitis*
Myocarditis/pericarditis: arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, heart failure
Pleurodynia |
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Term
ECHOviruses
family
clinical findings |
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Definition
Picrorna virus
ENTEROviridae
"Cold" rashes,* viral meningitis*
Pericarditis |
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Term
To which family does the virus that causes the common cold belong?
What other virus causes the common cold? |
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Definition
This is RHINOviridae, it is a Picorna virus that belongs to the ENTEROviridae family
CORONAviridae |
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Term
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Definition
Norwalk virus
Viral gastroenteris - diarrhea (no blood or pus), fever, pain, vomiting |
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Term
Reoviridae
genus/species
clinical findings |
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Definition
Rota virus
DS DNA
segmented (11)
naked icosahedral symmetry
fecal-oral transmission
Viral gastroenteritis: profound dehydration, esp in babies. Fever, pain, V&D
No blood, no pus in diarrhea
Major cause of infant death in LDC and most common cause of diarrhea in infants < 3yo
baby at hospital with diarrhea! |
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Term
RHABDOviridae
genus/species
morphology
clinical findings
diagnosis |
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Definition
Rabies virus
bullet shaped
(-) SS RNA
transmitted via animal bite
Prodrome: fever, headache, sore throat and very sensitive around healed wound site
Acute encephalitis: hyperactivity and agitation leading to confusion and seizures
Classic brain stem encephalitis: CN dysfunction, painful contraction of pharyngeal mm when swalling -> foaming at the mouth
Death due to respiratory center dysfunction
Microscopic exam of the CNS reveals Negri bodies - collections of virions in the cytoplasm where replication occurs |
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Term
FILOviridae
genus/species
Morphology
clinical findings
dx |
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Definition
Marburg virus
Ebola virus
(-) SS DNA
nonsegmented
helical symmetry
enveloped
replication in cytoplasm
Acute Viral hemorrhagic fever: high mortality rate
Transmission secondary to contact with infected body fluids, contaminated medical instruments, close contact with sick or dead pts
most likely mechanism is via skin or mucous membrane contact
2 week incubation period followed by abrupt onset of fever, headache, and myalgia, abdom pain, diarrhea, pharyngitis, hiccups, cough, somnolence
Progression to bleeding from needle stick sites and all mucous membranes follows
Death due to multi-organ failure
PCR, ELISA |
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Term
ARENAviridae
genus/species
morphology
clinical findings
dx |
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Definition
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM)
Lassa virus
South American hemorrhagic fever viruses
(-) SS RNA
segmented (2 segments)
helical symmetry
enveloped
replication in cytoplasm
zoonotic, infxns in rodents
spread: contact with rodent urine
LCM: influenza-like illness, sometimes assoc with a viral meningitis, occasionally fatal
Lassa fever: fever, sore throat, abdom pain, with intractable vomiting and hypotension, fatal in up to half of cases
Gradual onset of fever, myalgias, nausea, abdom pain, conjunctivitis, sometimes generalized lymphadenopathy. Later, bleeding/petechiae. Sometimes tremor, seizures, diarrhea
By examining blood for a rise in titer of virus-specific Ab |
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