Term
| What is TB and what microorganism causes it? |
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Definition
-TB(tuberculosis) is communicable; it is a requirement that cases be reported to CDC.
- mycibacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| what is the route of transmission for TB? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 populations considered high risk by the CDC |
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Definition
1)medically undeserved populations
2)foreign-born persons from contries with high prevelance
3) alcoholoic and IV drug users
4) residents and staff of acute and long term care facilities, prisons, detention facilities and homeless shelters
5) ppl who are immunosuppred |
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Term
| what is preferred method of TB screening? |
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Definition
| TB skin test(mantoux) 5 units |
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Term
| When should the individual return to have a test interpreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What result indicated a positive? |
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Definition
>5mm at risk ppl, +HIV, recent contact with some one with TB
>10 foreign born, IV drug users, children, residents of long term facilities
>15mm eveyr one else |
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Term
| Addtion information you would ask a patient before interpreting her skin test? |
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Definition
-obtain a social hx: alcohol ingestion, prescription or illegal drugs use, smoking, note domestic and occupational conditions
-medical hx; exposure to TB, (S/S) of active TB. meds, PMH
-ask about symptoms
- |
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Term
How would you record the following:
"I smoked 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years." |
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Definition
60pack-years
Math packs smoked x years smoked |
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Term
| What does a positive PPD result mean? |
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Definition
| pt had been exposed to infectious TB |
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Term
| What does a positive PPD result mean? |
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Definition
| pt had been exposed to infectious TB |
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Term
| How do you determine in a pt has active TB? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the CDC, if a person has a positive PPD, what subsequent steps are necessary? |
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Definition
-Persons with reactions greater than or equal to 10 mm or persons with symptoms suggesting tuberculosis (e.g., cough, anorexia, weight loss, fever)—regardless of the size of the skin-test
reaction—should have a CXR within 72 hours.
_ Persons with abnormal chest radiographs and/or symptoms compatible with TB should also have sputum smear and culture examinations. In addition, sputum should be submitted for
smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli from persons with a chronic cough, pneumonia, or bronchitis who do not respond promptly and completely to treatment. At least three sputum
specimens should be submitted. In the absence of spontaneous production of sputum, suction of laryngeal or pharyngeal mucus is satisfactory if sterile water is used in clearing the catheter. |
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Term
| CDC recommends what preventive therapy for adults with evidence of infection but no active disease? |
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Definition
new dx:
-isoniazid(INH) PO 6-12 months |
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Term
| Side effects of INH(isoniazid) |
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Definition
-For ppl 35 years or older, a major side effect of INH is hepatitis. The risk increases with age and concomitant alcohol use.
-peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| fever, night sweats, anorexia and weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
| is the collapse of part or (much less commonly) all of a lung |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the airways that results in widespread airway narrowing |
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Term
| the inflammatory involves what mechanism? |
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Definition
| activated immunologic response, increased airway resistance, decreased lung compliance, impaired mucocilary fx, alterd gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| albuterol, venntolin, proventil |
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Term
| 8 short term interventions that may relieve symptoms during an asthma attack |
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Definition
1)remove or loosen tight clothes
2)quite environment
3)cool mist neb
4)elevate HOB
5)supplemental o2
6)hydration
7)cough to facilitate airway clearence
8)pursed lip breathing |
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Term
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Definition
Pt do not:
use spacer, take a slow deep breathe, lack of coordination between release of med to deep breathe, angling the inhaler to spray the tongue or side of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| an accumulation of either transudative serous or exudative fulid within the pleural space |
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Term
| transudate and common causes |
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Definition
watery fluid that diffusus out of the capillaries as a result of disorders that increase blood pressure or decreases capillary oncotic pressure
causes: CHF, pulm edema, hypoproteinemia, hemothorax |
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Term
| exudate and common causes |
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Definition
is a fluid with a high content of protein and cewllular debris(pus) that has escaped from blood vessels and/or lymphatic vessels and has been deposieted in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation
causes: cancer and pulm infections |
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