Term
| Give 3 examples of eicosanoids |
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Definition
| Thromboxanes, Prostaglandins, leukotrienes |
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Term
| What is the parent compound of eicosanoids and where is it found |
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Definition
| Arachidonic Acid and is a major component of the membrane phospholipids. |
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Term
| What is the structure of Eicosanoids? |
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Definition
| 20 carbon unsaturated fatty acids |
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Term
| What is another term for local hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cyclooxygenase (COX 1 or 2) is constitutively expressed and which is inducible? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is celecoxib and what is it used to treat? |
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Definition
| Celecoxib is a COX-2 inhibitor and is used to treat chronic inflammation (long term) |
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Term
| What compounds are involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What compound catalyzes the production of arachidonic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 types of autocoid receptors |
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Definition
Prostaglandin receptors
Thromboxane receptors
Leukotriene receptors |
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Term
| What type of receptors are prostaglandin receptors? |
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Definition
| G protein coupled receptors |
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Term
| What is zileuton and what is it used to treat? |
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Definition
Zileuton is a lipooxygenase inhibitor, thus it inhibits the production of leukotrienes.
It is used to treat asthma and allergies |
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Term
| How do PGE1, PGE2 and PGI2 affect blood flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vessels does TxA2 work on and how does it affect them? |
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Definition
| TxA2 is a potent constrictor of the cerebral and coronary arteries |
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Term
| Which blood vessels do LTC4 and LTD4 affect and what is their action? |
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Definition
| They constrict coronary arteries |
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Term
| How does Aspirin affect cyclooxygenases? |
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Definition
| Aspirin covalently acetylates COX's, irreversibly inhibiting them. |
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Term
| How does Indomethacin affect the ductus arteriosis? |
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Definition
| the Ductus arteriosis is a hole in the fetal heart that generally closes spontaneously at birth. When this does not happen (due to high PG levels), Indomethacin can be administered. This inhibits PG production, causing the ductus arteriosis to close. |
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Term
| How do PGE1 and PGE2 affect the GI system? |
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Definition
| They inhibit gastric acid secretion, thus they are a treatment for ulcers. |
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Term
| What are montelukast and zafirlukast used to treat and what is their mode of action? |
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Definition
| They are used to treat asthma and they are LT receptor antagonists. |
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Term
| What are the three main approaches in treating asthma? |
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Definition
1) Avoidance of causative factors
2) Antiinflammatory drugs
3)Bronchodilators |
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Term
| How does Asthma differ from COPD? |
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Definition
| Asthma is reversible, whereas the damage from COPD is not reversible and it progressively damages tissue. |
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Term
| Describe the three main symptoms of COPD |
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Definition
Emphysema
Chronic obstruction
Mucus plugging |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromones are mast cell stabilizers, thus they inhibit the degranulation and subsequent release of mast cells, reducing bronchospasms and asthmatic attacks. |
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Term
| What is the main, nonsystemic side effect of inhaled corticosteroids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are glucocorticoids used to treat and how do they work? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids are used to treat asthma and they work by suppressing the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, thus they decrease inflammation. |
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Term
| How do methylxanthines affect the respiratory system and what is their mode of action? |
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Definition
Methylxanthines are bronchodilators and they work by inhibiting phosphodiesterase.
An example is theophylline |
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Term
| How do you treat beta blocker-induced bronchospasm? |
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Definition
With Ipratropium or tiotropium
These are antimuscarinic bronchodilators |
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Term
| Drugs used to treat Asthma: |
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Definition
B2-Adrenergic agonists
Corticosteroids
Cromolyn
Ipratropium
Leukotriene antagonists such as montelukast and Zafirlukast
Theophylline |
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Term
|
Definition
B Adrenergic Agonists
Corticosteroids
Ipratropium
Tiotropium |
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Term
| Drugs used to treat cough: |
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Definition
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