Term
|
Definition
| Is inadequate supply of O2 to tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low concentration of O2 in the BLOOD. |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of CO poisoning? |
|
Definition
| It ihi Hgb from releasing bound O2. |
|
|
Term
| What are the EARLY signs of respiratory distress? |
|
Definition
| Irritable/Confused, Tachypnea, dyspnea w/ exertion, tachycardia, mild HTN |
|
|
Term
| What are some late signs of inadequate oxygenation? |
|
Definition
| Combative/Coma, dyspnea at rest, cool/clammy skin, HYPOTENSION---diaphoresis, decreased urination, unexplained fatigue |
|
|
Term
| Why is Cyanosis a bad indicator of oxygenation? |
|
Definition
| Because it is a late sign of oxygenation deprivation (SaO2<85%), or could result fr anemia or polycythemia, obscured by skin color and a subjective sign. [if your Hb conc. is really low you won't even be cyanotic til your SaO2 is at 65%!] |
|
|
Term
| When is SpO2 an inaccurate measurement? |
|
Definition
| ANY measurement below 70%, when there is an Hgb abnormality, movement during the test, Hypotensive pt, darker skinned, anemic |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of LOW Hg on SaO2 readings? What are the effects of HIGH Hg count on SaO2 saturation? |
|
Definition
| Could read normal but still have LOW total blood O2 content. Could have a low reading but blood O2 content could be high. |
|
|
Term
| What are 7 pathophysiological causes of low oxygenation? |
|
Definition
| Environment, Ventilation, Diffusion of gasses across the membrane, Perfusion of blood,V/Q inequality, Transport, Utilization |
|
|
Term
| R/T Ventilation what is DEAD SPACE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| R/T ventilation what is a SHUNT? |
|
Definition
| NO ventilation is getting in. |
|
|
Term
| What is the BEST way to measure lung function? What is the ratio and what does it mean? |
|
Definition
| Spirometry, FEV1/FVC; 80% in normal and 60% in COPD pts. |
|
|
Term
| Which lung goes down good or bad? What are the exceptions? |
|
Definition
| GOOD lung down. ONLY when bilateral disease put RIGHT side down, Only put BAD side down for: abscess, hemorrhage, interstitial emphysema, pneumonectomy (entire lung removed) |
|
|
Term
| What are the proper Ns actions for a diffusion problem? (not enough O2 exchange in the lungs) |
|
Definition
| Support removal of alveolar secretions, positioning, chest PT and deep breathing |
|
|
Term
| What factors effect transport of O2 on Hg? |
|
Definition
| (S curve) pH, Temp, PCO2 and 2,3-DPG |
|
|
Term
| What are adequate PaO2 and SpO2 values for uncomplicated and chronic pts? What is inadquate? |
|
Definition
| 60/90%, 55/88%-IF not cardiac complications, continuous O2 therapy prescribed, <40/<75 Inadequate=tissue hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental differences in infants and children R/T Ventilation? |
|
Definition
| Lg tongue/sm pharynx, small airways, less compliant lungs (incr rate rather than vol to incr minute breating), more mucous production |
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental differences in infants and children r/t DIFFUSION? |
|
Definition
| Fewer alveoli and less flow btw alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental differences in infants and children r/t Transport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental differences in infants and children r/t perfusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental differences in infants and children r/t utilization? |
|
Definition
| Higher metabolic rate, higher temperature control needs and more growth |
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental differences in ELDERLY r/t respiration? |
|
Definition
| Decreased: response to Hypercapnia, ciliary action, #A, airway clearance; loss of elastic recoil and increased AP diameter |
|
|
Term
| Hypoxemic respiratory failure is also referred to as _________ failure becuase the primary problem is gas exchange from the alveoli to the cap bed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypercapnia is commonly referred to as _________ failure because of the inability of the respiratory system to remove and maintain a PaCO2. What diseases cause hypercapnia? |
|
Definition
| Ventilatory (COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis) |
|
|
