Term
Which of the following represents an example of atypical community-acquired pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following represents an example of a common pneumonia seen in the immunocompromised host? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following types of pneumonia suggests that the patient acquired it through inhalation of infectious particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following types of pneumonia suggests that the patient acquired it because of the reactivation of a latent infection, often in the setting of immunosuppression? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which mechanism is the least common cause of pneumonia? |
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Definition
| Spread of infection through the bloodstream |
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Term
| Which is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what percent of patients is the microbiological diagnosis not established according to most published studies of pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is used to describe objects capable of transmitting infection through physical contact with them? |
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Definition
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Term
In what type of pneumonia is diarrhea a common symptom? |
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Definition
A. Pneumococcal
B. Mycoplasmal
C. Legionella
D. All the above |
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Term
| Which symptom is typical for pneumococcal pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism causes community-acquired pneumonia with a hoarse voice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Your patient has community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Which symptom/s is/are common with this type of pneumonia? |
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Definition
A. High fever
B. Cough with purulent sputum
C. Shaking chills
D. All the above |
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Term
Which of the following clinical conditions can be associated with a normal chest radiograph in the patient with pneumonia? |
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Definition
A. Early infection
B. Dehydration
C. Pneumocystis carinii infection
D. All the above |
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Term
| What radiographic finding is atypical for bacterial pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
What lung infection type displays cavitary lesions on chest x-rays? |
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Definition
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Term
Fast-spreading multilobar consolidation is typical for what pneumonia type? |
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Definition
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Term
What organism is associated with the highest mortality rate for patients with community-acquired pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following clinical findings is not associated with an increased risk of death in the patient with pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following blood chemistry tests is least useful in the evaluation of the patient with severe bacterial pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following problems contributes to the diminished value of the sputum Gram stain in the patient with pneumonia? |
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Definition
A. Lack of productive cough
B. Prior antibiotic therapy
C. Contamination of the sample with oral secretions
D. All the above |
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Term
Which of the following organisms may be found to colonize the oropharynx in a healthy person? |
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Definition
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Term
What organism is suspected in the patient who has acid-fast bacilli in the stained sputum specimen? |
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Definition
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
Which of the following organisms that cause pneumonia is most likely to result in a positive blood culture? |
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Definition
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Term
What percent of community-acquired pneumonia patients have a parapneumonic pleural effusion? |
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Definition
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Term
What antibiotic is the drug of choice for the patient with pneumococcal pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the drug of choice for the patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? |
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Definition
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) |
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Term
What is indicated by failure of the patient's temperature to normalize 4 or 5 days after the start of antibiotic therapy? |
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Definition
A. Missed pathogen
B. Closed-space infection
C. Drug fever
D. All the above |
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Term
At what point following appropriate antibiotic therapy is the patient's chest film expected to be clear following the diagnosis of pneumonia in a patient under 50 years of age? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following factors suggests that the patient should be immunized against influenza? |
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Definition
A. Over the age of 60
B. Works as a respiratory therapist
C. Has chronic heart disease
D. All the above
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Term
Which of the following organisms is associated with a poor prognosis in the patient with ventilator-related pneumonia despite optimal therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following organisms is responsible for atypical pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
Nosocomial pneumonia is the second most common type of hospital-acquired infection. |
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Definition
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Term
What number of patients are believed to develop nosocomial pneumonia in the United States each year? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the list of mechanisms below, which one is believed to be most common as a potential cause of pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which symptom/s is/are typical for inhalation anthrax? |
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Definition
A. Febrile flu-like illness
B. Dry cough
C. Shortness of breath
D. All the above |
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Term
| Chest x-rays are often of little help for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients because these individuals often have other reasons for radiographic abnormalities. |
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Definition
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Term
Which technique/s is/are useful for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia? |
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Definition
A. Clinical diagnosis
B. Visualization of the airway by bronchoscopy
C. Quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates
D. All the above |
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Term
Most bacterial pneumonias are caused by Streptococcus bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
Klebsiella pneumoniae is also known as Friedlander's Bacillus.
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Definition
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Term
The sputum from patients with pseudomonas infection is frequently green and has a foul odor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chicken pox is caused by a varicella virus. |
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Definition
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Term
Haemophilus influenzae, Type B, is seen most often in children between the ages of 1 month and 6 years.
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Definition
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Term
| Absence of bacterial infection, inflammation caused by gastric juice aspiration usually becomes insignificant in about 72 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| Croup is most commonly associated with the parainfluenza Type I virus. |
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Definition
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Term
| The coronavirus is associated with SARS. |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients with pneumonia usually produce soft, diminished breath sounds over the affected area. |
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Definition
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Term
| In pneumonia, percussion notes are usually dull over the affected area. |
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Definition
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Term
| The recommended treatment for viral pneumonias is usually the same as for the flu. |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the six types of Haemophilus influenzae, which is most frequently pathogenic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is associated with Q fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever is associated: |
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Definition
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Term
Which is/are commonly seen in patients with AIDS?
I. Aspergillus fumigatus
II. Cryptococcus neoformans
III. Pneumocystis carinii
IV. Cytomegalovirus |
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Definition
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Term
| What is almost always the cause of acute epiglottitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which medication can be used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the antibiotic of choice for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is/are associated with pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary treatment for a lung abscess is antibiotics |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are commonly found directly over a lung abscess?
I. Pleural friction rub
II. Dull percussion note
III. Bronchial breath so
IV. Diminished breath sounds |
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Definition
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Term
Predisposing factors that often lead to aspiration of gastrointestinal fluids and anaerobes are usually related to what?
I. General anesthesia
II. Head trauma
III. Cerebrovascular accident
IV. Alcohol abuse |
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Definition
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Term
Which anatomic alterations are associated with lung abscess?
I. Bronchospasm
II. Alveolar consolidation
III. Bronchopleural fistulae
IV. Atelectasis |
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Definition
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Term
| Odorless green or yellow sputum indicates a non-putrid infection that is caused by numerous organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anaerobic organisms often colonize the gums and spaces between teeth in persons with poor oral hygiene. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some parasites, such as Echinococcus, are associated with lung abcesses. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lung abcesses are more commonly found in the left lung than in the right. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is/are anaerobic organisms?
I. Klebsiella
II. Peptococci
III. Coccidioides immitis
IV. Bacteroides |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are circumstances in which a lung abcess may develop?
I. Penetrating Chest wounds
II. Congenital or bronchogenic cysts
III. Bronchial obstruction with secondary cavitating infection
IV. Vascular obstruction with tissue infarction |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the aerobic organisms listed below are known to cause the formation of lung abcesses? |
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Definition
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Term
A lung abscess most commonly forms in which part (s) of the lung?
I. Posterior segments of upper lobe
II. Lateral basal segment of lower lobe
III. Anterior segments of upper lobe
IV. Superior segments of lower lobe |
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Definition
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Term
Which pulmonary function findings may be caused by a severe, extensive lung abcess?
I. Decreased FVC
II. Increased PEFR
III. Decreased RV
IV. Increased FRC |
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Definition
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Term
| Postprimary tuberculosis is also known as the “primary infection stage.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “Disseminated tuberculosis” refers to infection from bacilli that escape from a tubercle and move to sites out of the lungs. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In humans tuberculosis is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most commonly used tuberculin test is the Mantoux test. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tuberculosis spores thrive best in areas of the lungs with high oxygen tensions. |
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Definition
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Term
| TB bacilli are almost exclusively transmitted by aerosol droplets. |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test confirms that active tuberculosis is present. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tuberculosis commonly develops in the lung apices. |
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Definition
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Term
| The TB bacterium has the misleading prefix Myco because when it was first studied it was thought to be a fungus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Miliary tuberculosis presents as a small, isolated tubercle lesion. |
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Definition
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|
Term
What is the first stage of tuberculosis known as?
I. Reinfection tuberculosis
II. Primary tuberculosis
III. Secondary tuberculosis
IV. Primary infection stage |
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Definition
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|
Term
What is the protective wall called that encases lung tissue infected by TB?
I. Miliary tuberculosis
II. Reinfection tuberculosis
III. Granuloma
IV. Tubercle |
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Definition
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|
Term
The tubercle bacillus is:
I. Highly aerobic
II. Acid-fast
III. Has a hard outer coat that protects it
IV. Rod-shaped |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What size wheal of a TB skin test is considered positive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is often prophylactically prescribed as a daily dose for a year for persons who have been exposed to TB bacilli or have a positive PPD? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Coccidioidomycosis is also known as “desert fever.” |
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Definition
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Term
| In fungal diseases, tactile and vocal fremitus are decreased. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fungal diseases most commonly involve the apical and posterior segments of the upper lung lobes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal diseases and tuberculosis cause similar anatomic changes of the lungs. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum is commonly found in soil near chicken houses, pigeon lofts, and barns. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most patients with coccidioidomycosis recover completely and subsequently have lifelong immunity. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Coccidioidomycosis can be diagnosed by blood tests that detect antibodies of the fungus, or a culture of the organism from infected fluid or tissue. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Blastomycosis is most common in young Caucasian men. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which spore causes the most common fungal infection in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which is the drug of choice for severe fungal lung diseases? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the primary entry portal of Blastomyces dermatitidis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
In which of these states is histoplasmosis incidence especially high?
I. Arizona
II. Mississippi
III. Nevada
IV. Texas |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Skin lesions called “desert bumps,” “desert arthritis,” or “desert rheumatism” occur with which fungal disorder? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which is/are used to treat fungal diseases?
I. Fungizone
II. Amphotericin B
III. Fluconazole
IV. Itraconazole |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which form of histoplasmosis is characterized by healed lesions in the hilar lymph nodes as well as a positive histoplasmin skin test? |
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Definition
| Asymptomatic primary histoplasmosis |
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Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Interstitial edema |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Distortion and dilation of the bronchi |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Atelectasis |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Distal airway and alveolar weakening |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Bronchospasm |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Pulmonary capillary congestion |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Fibrosis and calcification of lung parenchyma |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
bronchial airway obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Honeycombing |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Alveolar hyperinflation (air trapping) |
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Definition
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|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Hyaline membrane formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Increase bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
cavity formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Frothy white or pink bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Caeous tubercles or granulomas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Permanent enlargement and deterioration of alveoli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs from fungal diseases by writing “yes” if so or “no” if not.
Chronic inflammation and swelling of airways |
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Definition
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