Term
| Name of infection involving lungs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lower respiratory tract infection |
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Term
| How many people die from pneumonia annually in the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sixth leading cause of the death in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that cause typical pneumonia? |
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Definition
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- S. aureus
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Term
| Organisms that cause Atypical pneumonia? |
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Definition
- Legionella pneumophila
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Viruses
- Coxiella burnetii
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Term
| Organisms that cause Chronic Community Acquired Pneumonia |
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Definition
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidiodes immitis
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Term
| Organisms that cause Health Care associated pneumonia |
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Definition
- Mixed aerobic and anaerobic mouth flora
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Enteric gram-negative bacili
- Influenza
- M. tuberculosis
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Term
| Organisms that cause pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts |
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Definition
-
Pneumocystsis carinii
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Cytomegalovirus
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Aspergillus sp.
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Reactiviation tuberculosis or histoplasmosis
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Term
| Organisms associated with nosocomial pneumonia |
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Definition
- Aspiration
- Mixed aerobes and anaerobes
- Gram-negative bacilli
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Term
| Organisms associated with HAP or VAP pneumonia |
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Definition
- S. aureus
- Psedomonas aeruginosa
- Acinetobacter sp.
- Enterbacter sp.
- Klebsiella sp.
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Term
| What does the term "empirical therapy" refer to? |
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Definition
| Treatment that is initiated based on the most likely cause of infection when the specific causative organism is still unknown |
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Term
| What are the two types of Community acquired pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Health care-associated pneumonia
HCAP is pneumonia occuring in any pt hospitalized for 2 or more days in the past 90 days in an acute care setting or in the past 30 days in a long-term care setting, attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic or recd iv antibiotics, chemotherapy or wound care
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Term
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Definition
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Lower respiratory infection that develops in hospitalized pts >48 hrs after admission. |
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Term
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Definition
Ventilator-assoicated pneumonia
Lower respiratory tract infection 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation. Second most common nosocomial infection in the US. Accounts for 15-18% of all such infections. >250,000 pt each yr. HAP increases hospitalization 7-9 days. Attributable mortality as high as 33-50%. |
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Term
| Which two microrganisms are associated with higher rates of mortality? |
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Definition
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Acinetobacter spp.
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|
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Term
| Which pt populations are at risk of large volume aspiration? |
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Definition
| Impaired gag reflexes d/t narcotic use, alcohol intoxication or prior stroke, cardiac arrest or syncope |
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Term
| What is the major mechanism responsible for the development of mixed aerobic and anaerobic, gram-negative and staphylococcal HAPs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most uncommon cause of pneumonia? |
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Definition
| hematogenous dissemination - the spread of infection through the bloodstream from a remote site |
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