Term
What is the respiratory exchange ratio at rest? during max exercise? VCO2:CO2 production(ml/min) VO2: O2 consumption(ml/min) |
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Definition
VCO2/VO2 Rest: 0.8 Max exercise: 1.0 During exercise there is an increase in Cardiac Output and tissue uptake. |
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Term
| Equation to calculate O2 consumption(VO2)(ml/min): |
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Definition
VO2= (C.O.)(CaO2-CvO2) C.O.: Cardiac Output(L/min) CaO2: Arterial O2 content(ml/L) CvO2: Mixed venous O2 content(ml/L) |
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Term
| What are the 7 lung functions? |
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Definition
1. Respitory Gas Exchange: 2.Maintains body pH: by getting rid of CO2 3. Metabolic Functions: -Ang I→Ang II -Inactivates bradykinin -Uptake of biogenic amines(serotonin, norEpi) -removal of prostaglandins 4. Blood filter and reservoir: against emboli such as blood clots, air,fat or foreign material, and tumor cells. 5. Body temp: mostly in dogs. 6. Elimination of substances: 7. Phonation |
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Term
| What divides the thoracic cavity into two chambers that have the two lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 zones if the airway tree? |
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Definition
Conducting Zone: First 16 divisions -Trachea -Bronchi -Bronchioles Respiratory Zone: Divisions 17-23 -Respiratory bronchioles -Aveolar ducts -Aveolar sacs |
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Term
| What parts of the airway tree have cilia? |
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Definition
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles(some) |
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Term
| What parts of the airway tree have Smooth Muscle? |
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Definition
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles(some) Aveolar Ducts(some) |
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Term
| What parts of the airway tree has Cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sympathetic receptors do smooth muscle of the airways have? |
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Definition
β2: they relax when activated. agonists are : Epi, Isoproterol,Albuterol |
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Term
| What is the difference between the Pulmonary Artery and and the Bronchial Artery? |
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Definition
Pulmonary a: where gas exchange takes place. Blood comes from right ventrical. Bronchial a: Blood supply for the airway. Will be shunted to left side of heart if there is no gas exchange occuring. |
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Term
| How many Aveoli does a person have? When does a person reach that number? What about the surface area? |
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Definition
300x106 aveoli. Reaches this number at age 8 The suface area continues to grow to adulthood. |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the Aveolar-capillary membrane? |
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Definition
very thin membrane Aveolar epithelium Interstitial fluid Capillary endothelium
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Term
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Definition
At constant temperature P is INdirectly proportional to V |
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Term
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Definition
At constant volume P is Directly proportional to T |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Dalton's law of partial pressures (as it applies to the lungs) |
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Definition
PB=PN2 + PO2 + PH2O + PCO2 PB:total Barometric pressure. 760 at sea level PN2:Nitrogen(79% in room air) PO2:Oxygen(21% in room air) PH2O: Water vapor(0% in room air) PCO2:Carbon dioxide(0% in room air) |
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Term
| How does saturation of inspired air with water vapor affect the partial pressures of Oxygen and Nitrogen? |
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Definition
It lowers both. You have to subtract the PH2O(47mmHg) from the total of 760 before calculating. example: PO2=0.21 x (760-47)= 150mmHg |
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Term
| Partial Pressure values of O2 |
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Definition
Air: 160 Trachea: 150 Alveoli: 100 Arterial: 100 Mixed venous: 40 |
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Term
| Partial Pressure values of CO2 |
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Definition
Air: 0 Alveoli: 40 Arterial: 40 Mixed venous: 46 |
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Term
| Three processes by which ventilation occurs: |
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Definition
Ventilation: Air supplied to lungs. Some goes to dead space. Perfusion: Blood supplied to aveoli. A portion is shunted. Diffusion: Gas exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
Is the amount of air that enters(or exits) the lung per minute. VE= VT x f VT:Tidal volume. Amount of air going in and out per breath. f: breathing frequency |
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Term
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Definition
The amount of fresh air that reaches the aveoli per minute. VA=(VT-VD) x f VT:Tidal volume. Amount of air coming in or going out per breath. VD:Air that stops in dead space f: breathing frequency |
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Term
| Ventilation/Perfusion ratio: |
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Definition
| alveolar ventilation/pulmonary blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| The volume of air that remains in the conducting airways and not used in gas exchange. |
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Term
| Physiological Dead Space(VD) |
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Definition
| Anotomic + Alveolar dead space(usually 0) |
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Term
| How does CO2 at the end of inspiration compare to the end of exspiration? |
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Definition
Inspiration:0 Expiration:40 |
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Term
| Review slides on depth of breathing and rest vs exercise charts |
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Definition
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Term
| All work and no play makes |
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Definition
| Deniece a very dull girl! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Spirometer. What can't it measure directly? |
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Definition
Measures lungs volume and air flow. Can't measure: -Residual Volume (RV) -Functional Risidual Capacity (FRC) -Total Lung Capacity (TLC) |
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Term
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Definition
The maximum amount that someone can inhale. Inspiratory reserve + Tidal volume. |
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Term
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Definition
The maximum breathing in and out. Inspiratory capacity + Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve |
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Term
| Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) |
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Definition
Cant be measured directly. How much air is left in your lungs after you breath out at rest. Equilibrium point for the lungs. Expitory reserve volume + Residual volume(RV) |
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Term
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Definition
Cant be measured directly. The amount of air left in your lungs that forced breathing out cant eliminate. Air not stagnant. Can be exchanged during breathing
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Term
| How do Functional Risidual Capacity(FRC) and Total Lung Capacity(TLC) differ between Men and Woman? |
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Definition
| Men have larger TLC and FRC than women |
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Term
How do Functional Residual Capacity(FRC) and Total Lung Capacity(TLC) compare between older men and younger men? |
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Definition
TLC does not change with age. FRC increases due to loss of elasticity |
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Term
| Helium-dilution technique. How does it work? What does it measure? |
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Definition
Measures Residual Volume(RV) and Functional Residual Capacity(FRC) -Start with a known [Helium] -Measure [Helium] after equilibrium START time determines what you are measuring. -end of tidal volume: FRC -end of forced vital capacity: RV |
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Term
What does the FEV1/FVC ratio tell you? FEV1:Forced expiration volume in 1 second. FVC:Forced Vital Capacity or just Vital Capacity(VC) |
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Definition
0.8=normal less than 0.8= Obstructive lung disease(e.g. asthma) more than 0.8= Restrictive lung disease(e.g. fibrosis) |
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Term
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Definition
Forced Expiration Flow Expiratory flow rate over the middle half of of the forced vital capacity. Very good and detecting Obstructive lung diseases. Restrictive values are only slightly higher than normal.
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Term
| What is the relationship between Aveolar Ventilation (VA)and Arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2)? |
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Definition
They are INdirectly proportional to each other. The more you breath, the more CO2 you release from the arterials which drops it's partial pressure. |
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Term
| Equation to calculate PAO2(aveolar partial pressure of oxygen) |
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Definition
PAO2= PIO2 - (PACO2/R) PIO2:partial pressure of inspired oxygen PACO2:partial pressure of CO2 in aveoli.(usually 40) R:respitory exchange ratio.(0.8 at rest, 1.0 in exercise) |
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Term
| Look at graph of PACO2 or PaCO2 vs. Alveolar ventilation |
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Definition
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