Term
Histamine
Effector cells found where? |
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Definition
Bound in granules of mast cells and basophils
Mast cells in potential sites of injury
Enterochromaffin-like cells to activate parietal cells to release acid
Neurons to acts as a neurotransmitter |
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Term
Histamine?
H1 vs. H2 vs. H3 vs. H4 |
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Definition
GPCRs in brain (H1,H3), bronchioles (H1), stomach (H2), heart (H2), blood (H4)
Smooth muscle and endothelium (H1), specifically |
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Term
Epinephrine
Relevance to respiratory pharmacology? |
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Definition
Physiological antagonist
Bronchiodilation and vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
Release inhibitor
Inhibits mast cell degranulation |
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Term
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Definition
Receptor antagonists
Treatment for hay fever, hives and bronchoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
Benadryl
H1 antagonist – 1st generation
Anticholinergic properties, e.g. dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| H1 antagonist – 1st generation |
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Term
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Definition
H1 antagonist – 1st generation
Block adrenoreceptors and serotonin receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Claritin
H1 antagonists – 2nd generation
Less sedating because they do not reach the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
H1 antagonists – 2nd generation
Less sedating because they do not reach the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
H1 antagonists – 2nd generation
Less sedating because they do not reach the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits mast cell degranulation in airways
Administration: inhalation
Prophylactic |
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Term
Epinephrine
Respiratory pharmacology relevance? |
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Definition
Rapid action on ɑβ receptors
IV injection, acute |
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Term
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Definition
SABA (3-4 hours)
Inhaled, acute |
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Term
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Definition
LABA (12 hours)
Inhaled, acute |
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Term
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Definition
uLABA (24+ hours)
Longer acting = not necessarily better
Increase bioavailability, take once a day
Inhaled, acute |
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Term
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Definition
uLABA (24+ hours)
Longer acting = not necessarily better
Increase bioavailability, take once a day |
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Term
Glucocorticoids
Respiratory action? |
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Definition
Anti-inflammatory via decrease of eicosanoid synthesis
Activation of anti-inflammatory genes, repression of pro-inflammatory
Also, stimulation of β receptors
Inhalation, prophylactic
Many adverse effect, minimize long-term use |
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Term
| Combination medication for asthmatics? |
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Definition
| Corticosteroids (reduce inflammation) + LABA (bronchodilation) |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-cholinergic
Quaternary analog of atropine
Block cholinergic bronchoconstriction and secretions
Inhalation to decrease systemic effects
Acute |
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Term
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Definition
Methylxanthine
Bronchodilation with no Ach/adrenergic receptor activity
Block of adenosine receptors (cause bronchospasms)
Inhibition of PDE4 to increase cAMP
Administration: oral
Metabolized by cytochrome P450 |
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Term
Theophylline
Adverse effects? |
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Definition
Narrow therapeutic range
Heart: stimulates heart rate and force of contraction → arrhythmias
CNS: stimulation → convulsions
GI tract: acid and pepsin secretion |
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Term
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Definition
Leukotriene pathway inhibitor
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
Inhibit synthesis of leukotrienes |
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Term
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Definition
Leukotriene pathway inhibitors
CysLT1 receptor antagonist
Block leukotriene action
Oral, prophylactic |
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Term
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Definition
CysLT1 receptor antagonist
Block leukotriene action
Oral, prophylactic |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-IgE antibody
Blocks binding of IgE to mast cells, basophils
Binds to epitope on IgE (Fc region)
Subcutaneous, prophylactic
Potentially severe anaphylactic reactions |
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