Term
| Glucocorticoids: uses & considerations |
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Definition
uses: asthma, allergic rhinitis, and common cold
C: when switching to an inhalant, supplementary glucocorticoids may be necessary to activate the negative feedback loop; beta 2 agonists may be px'd to be given prior to glucocorticoid use to allow better access to the alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
Use: acute bronchospasm
MOA: relaxation of the smooth muscle in the lung, decreased release of histamine, and increased ciliary motility
Route: inhaled, oral. Types: short acting (albuterol)--prn relief; long acting inhaled (salmeterol)/oral (terbutaline)--not used alone
A/E: Short/Oral: tachy, tremors, angina; long: increased risk for severe asthma |
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Term
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Definition
Use: prophylaxis of bronchial inflammation
MOA: mast cell stabilization--> prevents release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators
Route: inhalation
A/E: few |
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Term
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Definition
Ex: zafirlukast, montelukast (Singulair), sileuton
Use: asthma, allergic rhinitis
MOA: non-emergent maintenance of leukotriene-mediated pneumonic inflammation suppression (less bronchoconstriction, edema, neutrophil infiltration, or mucus production)
Route: Oral
A/E: flu-like, headaches, stomach aches, N/V, agitation, and nasal congestion |
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Term
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Definition
Use: asthma
MOA: bronchodilation
Route: oral
A/E: N/V, headache, and insomnia
NI: theophylline; narrow therapeutic range |
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Term
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Definition
Use: rhinorrhea
MOA: binds H1 (not H2), keeps the sinuses from effusing mucus (does nothing at all for the lungs)
Route: oral, nasal
A/E: drowsiness, lethargy, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Ex: phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine
Use: nasal congestion
MOA: alpha 1 stimulation--> vasoconstriction--> drainage
Route: nasal (more rapid, less systemic, short-term, and higher rebound congestion incidence), oral (slower, more systemic, CNS/cardiac AEs more likely)
A/E: rebound congestion, CNS (dizziness, confusion), and cardiac (tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmia) |
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Term
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Definition
Use: cough
Route: oral/IV
A/E: sedation
NI: opioids (codeine, hydrocodone), non-opioids (dextromethorphan) |
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Term
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Definition
Use: productive cough/mucus in lungs
Route: oral
NI: Guaifenesin, acetylcysteine |
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Term
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Definition
action: Alpha 1 (vasoconstriction) and Beta 2 (bronchodilation, increased heart rate) stimulation
administration: IM |
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Term
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Definition
Use: TB
MOA: blocks cell wall synthesis in mycobacterium tuberculum
Route: oral/parenteral
A/E: peripheral neuropathy, and hepatic toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Use: TB
MOA: blocks bacterial RNA synthesis
Route: oral/parenteral
A/E: body fluid discoloration |
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Term
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Definition
Use: TB
MOA: prevents growth of TB
Route: oral
A/E: hepatic toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Use: TB
MOA: TB cell wall construction inhibition
Route: oral
A/E: optic neuritis (complete or partial blindness) |
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Term
| multiple drug administration in TB |
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Definition
Due to widespread drug resistance in strains of TB, cultures should first be resistance-tested, then the pt should be put on 2+ preferably 4 different meds long term.
With this many meds over a long period of time, adherence can be an issue.
Pt should show improvement w/in weeks, and should be completely clear in 6 months tops. |
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