Term
| anteriorly where does the lowest border of the lung come to? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the location of the oblique fissure anteriorly |
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Definition
| marked by the point at which the midclavicular line crosses the 6th rib |
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Term
| describe location of horizontal fissure anteriorly |
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Definition
| marked by the position of the 4th costal cartilage |
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Term
| laterally the oblique fissure is known to curve towards which thoracic vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| laterally, the horizontal fissure extends as far as the oblique fissure to which point? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the mid axillary position where would the lower of the lung border extent to |
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Definition
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Term
| posteriorly which thoracic level does the oblique fissure extend to? |
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Definition
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Term
| posteriorly where is the lower border of the lung marked by? |
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Definition
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Term
| what sound is the percussion of normal lung tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| normal percussion of heart would be? |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormal solid areas in lung on percussion would sound? |
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Definition
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Term
| if there was fluid in the lungs e.g. a pleural effusion what would percussion sound like? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a pneumothorax was present what would percussion sound like? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient is hairy which side of the stethoscope should you use for a respiratory examination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a normal breath sound called? |
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Definition
| vesicular; quiete, low pitched. no gap between phases of inspiration and expiration. the expiratory phase is shorter than inspiratory phase |
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Term
| What is an abnormal breath sound called? |
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Definition
| bronchial. there is a gap between inspiration and expiration. the sound is normally louder as it is transmitted through airless tissue and similar to the sound heard over the trachea. the expiration phase is prolonged. |
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Term
| What does the wheeze signify? |
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Definition
| A sign of localised narrowing within the bronchial tree. Usually in exploration. Usually arise from multiple sites during expiratory phase of respiration. |
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Term
| What does a single fixed wheeze in position and time suggest? |
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Definition
| A single fixed narrowing for example a tumour |
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Term
| What is the significance of Stridor? |
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Definition
| A sign of large airway narrowing or obstruction. It is a harsh high pitched sound that occurs in both inspiration and expiration |
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Term
| Course crackles sign of fluid or secretions in the large bronchi. how can they be cleared |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you find crackles in early inspiritory phrase indicate? |
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Definition
| Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis |
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Term
| What do you find crackles in late inspiratory indicate? |
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Definition
LV failure, pneumonia
they are high pitched noises involving forceful popping open of closed small airways. |
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Term
| describe tactile fremitis, |
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Definition
| you have identified on abnormality of auscultation or percussion. you place one hand over the abnormality and another hand over normal lung area. ask the pt to say blue balloon. the vibration should be INCREASED over solid tissue and reduced over air and fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| same as tactile but using your stethoscope. you need to get them to say blue baloon twice whilst you compare the abnormal area to the normal area. increased vibration over solid and decreased over air and fluid |
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Term
| in consolidation, note the tracheal position, percussion, breath sounds, vocal and tactile fremitus |
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Definition
trachea central
percussion dull
bronchial breath sounds
increased vocal and tactile fremitus |
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Term
| in pnemothorax, note the position of trachea, percussion, auscultation , vocal and tactile fremitus |
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Definition
| trachea deviated to side with less pressure, hyper resonant on percussion, reduced breath sounds, reduced vocal and tactile fremitus. |
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Term
| in pleural effusion, note tracheal postion, percussion, auscultation, vocal and tactile fremitus |
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Definition
| trachea deviated away from affected side (less pressure side), percussion would be stony dull, reduced breath sounds on auscultation, reduced vocal and tactile fremitus |
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