Shared Flashcard Set

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Respiratory Drugs
JRCALC (2006) medications used to treat respiratory conditions
96
Pharmacology
Not Applicable
01/27/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Presentation:

Definition
Prefilled syringe or ampoule containing 1 mg of adrenaline (epinephrine) in 1 ml
Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Indications:

Definition

1. Anaphylaxis

 

2. Life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration despite nebuliser therapy

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Contraindications:

Definition
Do not give repeated doses of adrenaline in hypothermic patients
Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Cautions:

Definition

1. Severe hyertension may occur in patients taking beta-blockers and half doses should be administered unless there is rofound hypotension

 

2. For atients taking tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline, imipramine) half doses should should be administered for anaphylaxis

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Administration & Concentration:

Definition

Administered IM in the antero-lateral aspect of the thigh or upper arm

 

Can be administered SC in asthma

 

Concentration 1 mg in 1 ml

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Dose: adult (> 12 years)

Definition
500 micrograms (0.5 ml), repeated every 5 minutes as clinically indicated
Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Dose: 6 years - < 12 years

Definition

250 micrograms (0.25 ml), once only

 

Not indicated in asthma

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Dose: 6 months - < 6 years

Definition

120 micrograms (0.12 ml), once only

 

Not indicated in asthma

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Dose: < 6 months

Definition

50 micrograms (0.05 ml), once only

 

Not indicated in asthma

Term

Adrenaline 1:1000 (ADM)

 

Actions:

Definition

1. Reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis

 

2. Relieves bronchospasm in acute severe asthma

Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Presentation:

Definition
Ampoule containing 10 mg chlorphenamine malleate in 1 ml
Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Actions:

Definition

An antihistamine that blocks the effect of histamine released during a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction

 

Also has anticholinergic properties

Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Indications:

Definition

1. Severe anaphylactic reactions, secondary to IM adrenaline

 

2. Symptomatic allergic ractions falling short of anaphylaxis but causing patient distress

Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Contraindications:

Definition

1. Known hypersensitivity

 

2. Children < 1 year

Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Administration & Concentration:

Definition

Administered by slow IV injection, over 1 minute

 

Concentration 10 mg in 1 ml

Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Dose: adult (> 12 years)

Definition
10 mg (1 ml)
Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Dose: 6 years - < 12 years

Definition
5 - 10 mg (0.5 - 1 ml)
Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Dose: 1 year - 6 years

Definition
2.5 mg (0.25 ml)
Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Cautions:

Definition

1. Hypotension

2. Epilepsy

3. Glaucoma

4. Hepatic disease

Term

Chlorphenamine (CPH)

 

Side Effects:

Definition

1. Sedation

2. Dry mouth

3. Headache

4. Blurred vision

5. Psychomotor impairment

6. GI disturbance

7. Transient hypotension

8. Convulsions (rare)

 

SDHB-PGTC

 

The elderly are more likely to suffer side effects

 

Due to the sedative and psychomotor side effects, anyone receivingchlorphenamine should be advised against driving or undertaking any other complex psychomotor skills

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Presentation:

Definition

1. Ampoule containing 100 mg hydrocortisone as either sodium succinate or sodium phosphate in 1 ml

 

2. Solu-cortef, a powder for reconstitution with up to 1 ml of water

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Actions:

Definition
Glucocorticoid drug that reduces inflammation and suppresses immune response
Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Indications:

Definition

1. Severe or life-threatening asthma - where call to hospital time is > 30 minutes

 

2. Anaphylaxis

 

3. Addisonian crisis

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Contraindications:

Definition
Known allergy (which will be to the sodium succinate or sodium phosphate rather than the hydrocortisone itself)
Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Cautions:

Definition

None relevant to a single dose

 

If a patient is likely to require thrombolysis IM administration of any drug shouldbe avoided

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Side Effects:

Definition
Sodium ohosphate may cause burning or itching sensation in the groin if administered too quickly
Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Administration & Concentration:

Definition

Administered IV, IO, or IM where IV access cannot be obtained

 

Administer by slow IV injection over a minimum of 2 minutes to avoid side effects

 

It is better to administer hydrocortisone if there is any doubt about previous steroid administration

 

Concentration 100 mg in 1 ml or 100 mg in 2 ml

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: adult (> 12 years)

Definition
200 mg (2 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 4 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)
Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 11 years

Definition

140 mg (1.4 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 2.8 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 10 years

Definition

130 mg (1.3 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 2.6 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 9 years

Definition

110 mg (1.1 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 2.2 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 8 years

Definition

100 mg (1 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 2 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 7 years

Definition

92 mg (0.92 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 1.8 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 6 years

Definition

82 mg (0.82 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 1.6 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 5 years

Definition

74 mg (0.74 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 1.5 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 4 years

Definition

66 mg (0.66 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 1.3 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 3 years

Definition

57 mg (0.57 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 1.1 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 2 years

Definition

49 mg (0.49 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.98 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 18 months

Definition

45 mg (0.45 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.9 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 12 months

Definition

39 mg (0.39 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.78 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 9 months

Definition

36 mg (0.36 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.72 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 6 months

Definition

31 mg (0.31 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.62 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 3 months

Definition

24 mg (0.24 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.48 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: 1 month

Definition

18 mg (0.18 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 3.6 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Hydrocortisone (HYC)

 

Dose: birth

Definition

14 mg (0.14 ml if 100 mg/ 1ml or 0.28 ml if 100 mg/ 2 ml)

 

4 mg/ kg

Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Presentation:

Definition

1. Nebules containing 250 micrograms ipratropium bromide in 1 ml

 

2. Nebules containing 500 micrograms ipratropium bromide in 2 ml

Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Actions:

Definition

1. Ipratropium bromide is an antimuscarinic bronchodilator drug. It may provide short term relief in acute asthma but beta 2 agonists generally work more quickly. Ipratropium should be considered in acute severe or life threatening asthma or in cases of acute asthma or COPD which fail to improve with standard therapy (including salbutamol).

 

2. Ipratropium bromide is considered of greater benefit in:

a. children suffering acute asthma

b. adults suffering with COPD

Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Indications:

Definition

1. Acute severe or life threatening asthma (given concurrent with first dose of salbutamol)

 

2. Acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol

 

3. Exacerbation of COPD, unresponsive to salbutamol

Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Contraindications:

Definition
None in the emergency situation
Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Administration & Concentration:

Definition

Nebulised with 6-8 L oxygen per minute, once only - may be mixed in the same nebuliser as salbutamol

 

Concentration 250 mg in 1 ml or 500 micrograms in 2 ml

Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Dose: adult (> 12 years)

Definition
500 micrograms (2 ml)
Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Dose: 2 years - 12 years

Definition
250 micrograms (1 ml)
Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Dose: 1 month - 2 years

Definition
125 - 250 micrograms (0.5 - 1 ml)
Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Cautions:

Definition

1. Glaucoma (protect the eyes from mist)

 

2. Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Term

Ipratropium bromide (IPR)

 

Side Effects:

Definition

1. Headache

2. Nausea and vomiting

3. Dry mouth

4. Difficulty in passing urine and. or constipation

5. Tachycardia/ arrhythmia

6. Paroxysmal chest tightness

7. Allergic reaction

 

HNDD-TPA

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Presentation:

Definition
Ampoule containing naloxone hydrochloride 400 micrograms in 1 ml
Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Actions:

Definition
Antagonism of the effects (including respiratory depression) of opiod drugs
Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Indications:

Definition

1. Respiratory depression, depression of cardiovascular system and CNS associated with opioid overdose

 

2. Accidental overdose of opioid drugs e.g. morphine, nalbuphine

 

3. Overdose of some common analgesics containing opioid substances produce respiratory depression, which is reversed by naloxone

 

4. Unconsciousness associated with respiratory depression of unknown cause, where opioid overdose is a possibility

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Contraindications:

Definition
Neonatal patients of opioid addicted mothers, as serious withdrawal effects may occur - emphasis should be on BVM ventilation and oxygenation
Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Side Effects:

Definition
In patients who are physically dependent on narcotic drugs, violent withdrawal symptoms, including cardiac arrhythmias, may be precipitated by naloxone. Ideally titrate the dose of naloxone to effectively reverse the cardiovascular and respiratory depression but leave the patient in a groggy state.
Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Administration & Concentration:

Definition

In respiratory arrest or depression where the urgency of the situation outweighs the need for a controlled effect, undiluted naloxone can be administered IV as a bolus, or IM in the antero-lateral aspect of the thigh or upper arm where IV access is not possible

The half life of naloxone is short and doses may need to be repeated every 2-3 minutes

Where a controlled effect is desired naloxone can be diluted for administration titrated to effect

 

 

Concentration 400 micrograms in 1 ml

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: adult (> 12 years)

Definition

1. 400 micrograms IV (1 ml) or 800 micrograms IM (2 ml) in respiratory arrest or severe respiratory depression, to a maximum of 10 mg

 

2. 800 micrograms naloxone diluted in 8 ml WFI or SCP for IV injection titrated to response

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: 11 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 352 micrograms (0.88 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 3.5 mg (8.8 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: 10 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 320 micrograms (0.80 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 3.2 mg (8 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: 9 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 288 micrograms (0.72 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 2.8 mg (7.2 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

 

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: 8 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 260 micrograms (0.65 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 2.6 mg (6.5 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 7 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 232 micrograms (0.58 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 2.3 mg (5.8 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 6 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 208 micrograms (0.52 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 2.1 mg (5.2 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 5 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 184 micrograms (0.46 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 1.8 mg (4.6 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 4 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 164 micrograms (0.41 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 1.6 mg (4.1 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 3 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 144 micrograms (0.36 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 1.4 mg (3.6 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 2 years

Definition

1. Initial dose 124 micrograms (0.31 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 1.2 mg (3.1 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 18 months

Definition

1. Initial dose 112 micrograms (0.28 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 1.1 mg (2.8 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 12 months

Definition

1. Initial dose 100 micrograms (0.25 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 1 mg (2.5 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 9 months

Definition

1. Initial dose 88 micrograms (0.22 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 880 micrograms (2.2 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)


Dose: 6 months

Definition

1. Initial dose 78 micrograms (0.19 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 800 micrograms (2 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: 3 months

Definition

1. Initial dose 60 micrograms (0.15 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 600 micrograms (1.5 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: 1 month

Definition

1. Initial dose 44 micrograms (0.11 ml)

 

2. subsequent dose 440 micrograms (1.1 ml)

 

100 micrograms/ kg

Term

Naloxone Hydrochloride (NLX)

 

Dose: birth

Definition

1. Initial dose 200 micrograms (0.5 ml), IM only

 

Subsequent doses not indicated

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Presentation:

Definition

1. Nebules containing 2.5 mg salbutamol in 2.5 ml

 

2. Nebules containing 5 mg salbutamol in 2.5 ml

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Actions:

Definition
Salbutamol is a selective beta 2 agonist that relaxes smooth muscle in the medium and smaller airways, which are in spasm during acute asthma.
Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Indications:

Definition

1. Acute asthma attack where normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms

 

2. Expiratory wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, smoke inhalation or other lower airway cause

 

3. Exacerbation of COPD

 

4. Shortness of breath due to LVF (secondary treatment)

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Contraindications:

Definition
None in the emergency setting
Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Side Effects:

Definition

1. Tremor

2. Palpitations

3. Tachycardia

4. Headache

5. Feeling of tension

6. Peripheral vasodilatation

 

TPT-HFP

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Cautions:

Definition

1. Hypertension

2. Angina

3. Late pregnancy

4. Overactive thyroid

 

HALO

 

Severe hypertension may occur in patients on beta blockers and half doses should be used unless there is profound hypotension

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Administration & Concentration:

Definition

1. Nebulised with 6-8 L oxygen per minute

 

2. In acute severe or life threatening asthma ipratropium bromide should be given concurrently witht he first dose of salbutamol. In acute asthma or COPD not unresponsive to salbutamol, ipratropium may be given concurrently with a later dose of salbutamol

 

3. Salbutamol provides initial relief, severe attacks will require steroid and further nebulisation. Do not be lulled into a false sense of security by an initial improvement

 

Concentration 2.5 mg in 2.5 ml or 5 mg in 2.5 ml 

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Dose: adult (> 12 years)

Definition

5 mg (5 ml if 2.5 mg/ 2.5 ml or 2.5 ml is 5 mg/ 2.5 ml)

 

If there is no improvment in peak flow after 5 minutes, further doses can be given

 

In severe attacks nebulisation may need to be repeated - there is nolimit on the maximum dose of salbutamol. Repeat doses should be discontinued if side effects are becoming significant.

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Dose: 6 years - 12 years

Definition

5 mg (5 ml if 2.5 mg/ 2.5 ml or 2.5 ml is 5 mg/ 2.5 ml)

 

If there is no improvment in peak flow after 5 minutes, further doses can be given

 

In severe attacks nebulisation may need to be repeated - there is no limit on the maximum dose of salbutamol. Repeat doses should be discontinued if side effects are becoming significant.

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Dose: 12 months - 6 years

Definition

2.5 mg (2.5 ml if 2.5 mg/ 2.5 ml or 1.25 ml if 5 mg/ 2.5 ml)

 

If there is no improvement in peak flow after 5 minutes, further doses can be given

 

In severe attacks nebulisation may need to be repeated - there is no limit on the maximum dose of salbutamol. Repeat doses should be discontinued if side effects are becoming significant

Term

Salbutamol (SLB)

 

Dose: < 12 months

Definition

2.5 mg (2.5 ml if 2.5 mg/ 2.5 ml or 1.25 ml if 5 mg/ 2.5 ml)

 

Salbutamol is less effective in children < 12 months and a single dose of 2.5 mg should be administered only

Term

Oxygen (OXG)

 

Presentation:

Definition
Gas provided compressed in a cylinder, or in liquid form in a system adapted for ambulance use, fed via a regulator and flow meter tot he patient by means of plastic tubing and an oxygen mask/ nasal cannulae
Term

Oxygen (OXG)

 

Contraindications:

Definition
Explosive environment
Term

Oxygen (OXG)

 

Cautions:

Definition

1. Oxygen increases the fire hazard at an incident

 

2. Defibrillation - ensure pads are firmly applied to reduce the risk of spark

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