Term
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Definition
| The process of moving gases in and out of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of the cardio system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| The exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries |
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Term
| Problems that affect ventilation |
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Definition
| COPD, Asthma, Infectious diseases like Pneumonia, RSV, pertussis |
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Term
| Problems that affect Perfusion |
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Definition
| Heart problems. Heart failure, valve problems, Dysrhythmias, atrial fib |
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Term
| Problems that affect Diffusion |
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Definition
| Hematology problems like anemia or sickle cell anemia, where a lack of hemoglobin affects the transport of oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lack of ventilation at alveolar level causing hypoxia and increased carbon dioxide levels (causes respiratory acidosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide is removed faster than it is made, which can cause respiratory alkalosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inadequate oxygen at cell level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Irritability, restlessness, apprehension, dizziness, decreased level of consciousness, unable to lie flat and appears fatigued or agitated. |
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Term
| What happens to heart rate and respiration rates during hypoxia? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Central cyanosis, Respiratory decreases due to muscle fatigue |
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Term
| What are disturbances in conduction caused by |
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Definition
| Caused by electrical impulses that do not orginate from the SA node (dysrhythmias) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Insufficient volume is ejected into the systemic and pulmonary circulation--the result of left-sided or right sided heart failure |
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Term
| Impaired Valvular function |
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Definition
| Acquired or congenital disorder of a cardiac valve by stenosis or regurgitation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Coronary artery flow to the myocardium insufficient. Results in angina, MI, and acute coronary syndrome |
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Term
| What happens when a patient's hypoxia is severe? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Sudden cessation of cardiac output and circulation. Patient becomes unresponsive with no carotid pulse |
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Term
| What is the first sign of respiratory problem in older adults? |
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Definition
| Changes of mental status including forgetfulness and irritabilty |
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Term
| Inspection of Respiration/Circulation |
|
Definition
| Skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns, chest wall movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chest, feet, legs, pulses |
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Term
| Percussion of respiration/cardiovascular |
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Definition
| Presence of abnormal fluid or air, diaphragmatic excursion |
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Term
| Auscultation of respiration/Cardiovascular |
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Definition
| Normal/Abnormal heart and lung sounds |
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Term
| Abnormal findings requiring immediate follow up |
|
Definition
| 02 less than 90, RR greater than 20, labored breathing, accessory muscle use, Diaphoretic, cool, pale, cyanotic, increased dyspnea, mental status change, increased crackles and wheezing, pain like sitting on chest that radiates to arm or jaw |
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Term
|
Definition
| CBC, cardiac enzymes, serum electrolytes, cholestrol |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization |
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Term
| Noninvasive diagnostic tests |
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Definition
| TB skin test, holter monitor, ECG, Thallium stress test, EPS, PFT |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hydration, coughing and deep-breathing techniques |
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Term
|
Definition
Humidification, chest physiotherapy
(postural drainage) |
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Term
| Mobilization of pulmonary secretions |
|
Definition
Nebulization, chest physiotherapy
(postural drainage) |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevents obstruction of the trachea by displacement of the tongue into the oropharynx |
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Term
| Endotracheal and tracheal airways |
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Definition
| Short term use to ventilate, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration, clear secretions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long-term assistance, surgical incision made into the trachea |
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Term
| Maintenance and promotion of lung expansion |
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Definition
| Ambulation, positioning, incentive spirometry, noninvasive ventilation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reduces pulmonary stasis, maintains ventilation and oxygenation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Encourages voluntary deep breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maintains positive airway pressure and improves alveolar ventilation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deep inspiration and prolonged expiration. Effective in increasing 02 sat, especially in patients with COPD |
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Term
| What are adventitious sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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