Term
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Definition
| apnea + hyperventilation (hyper+hypo ventilation) results from delay of blood traveling from lungs to brain (d/t cardiac failure) or brainstem damage --> change in feedback sensitivity to csf [H+]; hypoxia --> increasing central sensitivity to cause irregular pattern |
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Term
| how do we fix acute cerebral edema |
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Definition
| brain trauma --> edema compresses cerebral arteries --> impede blood supply --> inactivate/destroy neurons in resp center --> mannitol can remove fluid from brain osmotically and reduce swelling to improve blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of rapid, deep breathing. commonly seen with diabetic acidosis (body's compensatory attempt at removing acid in form of CO2) |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular periods of apnea interposed with runs of 4-6 deep breaths of identical size; results from increased intracranial pressure (from trauma, midbrain lesions, tumors, cerebral infarct) |
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Term
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Definition
| sustained inspiratory effort with irregular and brief expirations (indicates imbalance in neurons responsible for regulating rhythm) |
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Term
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Definition
| chest moves inward during inspiration and outward during expiration (from breach in integrity of chest wall, discoordination of mm of ventilation, flail chest, respiratory alternans) can cause hypoventilation |
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Term
| muller maneuver vs valsalva maneuver |
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Definition
| muller = contraction of inspiratory mm against closed glottis; valsalva = contraction of expiratory mm against closed glottis |
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Term
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Definition
| slow, deep breathing pattern (results from interruption of vagal afferents) |
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Term
| coupled or grouped breathing |
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Definition
| 2-3 breaths separated by periods of apnea of about 3-5 seconds duration. (irregular blood gas leels at high altitude may prompt this ventilatory response) |
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Term
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Definition
| (aka glossopharyngeal ventilation) effective for pts for whom muscles of ventilation have been paralyzed but muscles of swallowing have remained intact. --> take gulsp of air and pass down to lungs --> steplike inflation of lungs --> once approp # of gulsp taken --> exhale |
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Term
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Definition
| discoordinated pattern --> irregular frequency and tidal volumes (affects infants during sleep, results from CNS lesions) |
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Term
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Definition
| inspiration or gasp from sudden increase in intratracheal pressure (caused by trachel vagal afferent reflex into respiratory center) |
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