Term
| The 6 Easy Steps to ABG Analysis: |
|
Definition
1- Is the pH normal?
2- Is the CO2 normal?
3- Is the HCO3 normal?
4- Does the CO2 or the HCO3 match the pH?
5- Does the CO2 or the HCO3 go the opposite direction of the pH?
6- Is the pO2 and the SaO2 normal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Partial pressure of oxygen
- 80-100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- partial pressure of carbon dioxide
- 35-45 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- measures hydrogen ions in blood
- 7.35 - 7.45
- high is alkaline
- low is acidic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- oxygen saturation
- amount of hemoglobin carrying O2
- 95-100% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pH low
- PaCO2 high
- HCO3 normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pH high
- PaCO2 low
- HCO3 normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pH low
- PaCO2 normal
- HCO3 low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pH high
- PaCO2 normal
- HCO3 high |
|
|
Term
pH 7.22
PaCO2 55
HCO3 25
What do we do? |
|
Definition
| Treat for respiratory acidosis: O2 therapy, ventilation, bronchodilators, etc. |
|
|
Term
pH 7.50
PaCO2 42
HCO3 33
What do we do? |
|
Definition
| Treat for metabolic alkalosis: IV fluids, measures to reduce excess base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laryngectomy: risk factors (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laryngectomy: nursing interventions (4) |
|
Definition
- keep airway open
- keep water out of opening
- writing tools for communication
- no narcotics |
|
|
Term
| Complication for failure to take TB medication correctly |
|
Definition
| Developed resistance to TB meds: Will need something stronger. |
|
|
Term
| condition resulting from bradypnea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| condition resulting from tachypnea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous positive airway pressure |
|
|
Term
| Common treatment for sleep apnea (what does it do?) |
|
Definition
| CPAP - keeps airways open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effects of aging on respiratory system (6) |
|
Definition
- Weakened and atrophied respiratory muscles
- Reduced elastic recoil of lung tissue
- Deteriorating cilia
- Decreased cough reflex
- Reduced effectiveness of alveolar macrophages
- Reduced number of alveoli |
|
|
Term
| best med order for pulmonary embolism |
|
Definition
| Heparin - works faster than coumadin |
|
|
Term
| Concern about nasal spray over-use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symptoms persist after disease process is over, due to overuse of nasal spray meds. |
|
|
Term
| Control test to order with TB test (rules out false positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Control test to order with TB test (rules out false positive |
|
|
Term
| length of antibiotic treatment for TB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interventions to keep open airway for patient on bed-rest (5) |
|
Definition
- turning
- coughing
- deep breathing
- fluids
- suctioning |
|
|
Term
| medication for thinning secretions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are two different drugs used concurrently to treat TB |
|
Definition
| To minimize resistance to the drugs (by keeping low doses of each). |
|
|
Term
| Common drug treatment for TB: ________ with either ________, ________ or _______ |
|
Definition
| INH with either rifampin, ethambutol or pyrazinamide |
|
|
Term
| What test is done to check for breathing condition? |
|
Definition
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia patient is on antibiotics. WBCs increase. Action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia patient is on antibiotics. WBCs decrease. Action? |
|
Definition
| None (continue to monitor, meds working) |
|
|
Term
| typical test order to monitor condition of pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| post-bronscospy: what to look for before feeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consequences of strep not treated ASAP (2) |
|
Definition
- rheumatic fever
- glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- many strains
- can be fatal (from complications) |
|
|
Term
| Equipment needed for throat culture (2) |
|
Definition
- Tongue blade,
- culture Q-tip (sterile) |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the pleura (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA pleuritis: inflammation of the pleura |
|
|
Term
| pleural effusion: definition |
|
Definition
| excess fluid fills the area between the membrane's layers |
|
|
Term
| excess fluid fills the area between the membrane's layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptomatic difference between pleurisy and pleural effusion |
|
Definition
Pleural effusion:
- dyspnea
- tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- sharp pains with each breath
- Friction rub heard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P - Provoking factors: What causes the pain
Q - Quality: what kind of pain
R - Radiation: does the pain travel anywhere
S: severity/symptoms - how bad (1-10); any other symptoms accompany the pain
T: Timing |
|
|
Term
| pleural effusion: treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that inflames lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following assessment findings in the patient with pneumonia most indicates a need to remind the
patient to cough and deep breathe?
a. The patient complains of chest pain.
b. The patient has removed her oxygen.
c. The nurse auscultates wheezes and crackles.
d. The nurse notes a fever of 101° F. |
|
Definition
| c. The nurse auscultates wheezes and crackles. |
|
|
Term
The nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis who puts his light on because he needs to use the bathroom.
There are green surgical masks in the isolation cabinet
outside his room. What should the nurse do?
a. Fit the mask firmly to his or her face before going
into the room.
b. Place two masks together and fit them firmly to the
face.
c. Ask the patient to put on a mask before entering
the room.
d. Ask the patient to wait while the nurse obtains a
special high-efficiency mask. |
|
Definition
d. Ask the patient to wait while the nurse obtains a
special high-efficiency mask. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following assessment findings does the nurse expect in the patient with emphysema?
a. Purulent sputum
b. Diminished breath sounds
c. Generalized edema
d. Dull chest pain |
|
Definition
| b. Diminished breath sounds |
|
|
Term
Which of the following assessment findings in the patient with pneumothorax does the nurse report immediately?
a. Positioning of the trachea toward the unaffected
side
b. Frequent dry cough
c. Moderate pain at the chest tube site
d. Diminished breath sounds over the affected area |
|
Definition
| a. Positioning of the trachea toward the unaffected side |
|
|
Term
As the nurse enters Mr. Jones’s room, he notes that the patient has become confused and combative over the past hour. Which of the following actions is appropriate first?
a. Assess Mr. Jones; check to see if his oxygen is flowing correctly.
b. Page the physician stat.
c. Put up Mr. Jones’s side rails and apply soft restraints.
d. Administer an oral sedative. |
|
Definition
| a. Assess Mr. Jones; check to see if his oxygen is flowing correctly. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for the patient with an ineffective breathing pattern?
a. Encourage the patient to cough and deep breathe.
b. Encourage oral fluids.
c. Teach the patient controlled diaphragmatic
breathing.
d. Allow the patient to rest between activities. |
|
Definition
| c. Teach the patient controlled diaphragmatic breathing. |
|
|
Term
Mrs. Jackson had an abdominal hysterectomy yesterday. The nurse enters her room and finds her acutely short of
breath, with a look of panic in her eyes. Which of the
following additional symptoms is most important as the
nurse decides what to do?
a. Mrs. Jackson complained of pain in her left leg
earlier this morning.
b. Mrs. Jackson states that she also has a headache.
c. Mrs. Jackson has a recent history of an upper
respiratory infection.
d. Mrs. Jackson has not eaten in 24 hours. |
|
Definition
| b. Mrs. Jackson states that she also has a headache. |
|
|
Term
1. Which of the following positions is recommended for a patient experiencing a nosebleed?
a. Lying down with feet elevated
b. Sitting up with neck fully extended
c. Lying down with a small pillow under the head
d. Sitting up leaning slightly forward |
|
Definition
| d. Sitting up leaning slightly forward |
|
|
Term
2. Which of the following is the best explanation by a nurse for why a physician did not prescribe antibiotics for influenza?
a. “Most cases of influenza are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.”
b. “Influenza is caused by viruses.”
c. “Antibiotics have too many serious side effects.”
d. “Antibiotics can interact with other medications used for influenza.” |
|
Definition
| b. “Influenza is caused by viruses.” |
|
|
Term
3. Which of the following responses is correct when a patient asks why her physician didn’t order that new antiviral drug for her flu?
a. “The antiviral drugs are for AIDS, not the flu.”
b. “The side effects of the antiviral drugs are worse than having the flu.”
c. “Antiviral drugs are only for children.”
d. “These drugs only work if you start them within 48 hours after flu symptoms start.” |
|
Definition
| d. “These drugs only work if you start them within 48 hours after flu symptoms start.” |
|
|
Term
4. After a laryngectomy, which of the following assessments takes priority?
a. Airway patency
b. Nutritional status
c. Lung sounds
d. Patient acceptance of surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5. Which of the following communication methods will not work for the patient with a laryngectomy?
a. Placing a finger over the stoma
b. Providing a special valve that diverts air into the esophagus
c. Obtaining a picture board
d. Teaching the patient esophageal speech |
|
Definition
| a. Placing a finger over the stoma |
|
|
Term
6. Which of the following statements best explains why the nurse is careful when administering narcotics to a
laryngectomee?
a. Most laryngectomees have been drug addicts in the past.
b. Even low doses of narcotics may cause respiratory arrest in the laryngectomee.
c. Narcotics can depress the cough reflex.
d. Laryngectomy patients have very little pain after surgery. |
|
Definition
| c. Narcotics can depress the cough reflex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nursing interventions for nosebleed (3) |
|
Definition
- ice on forehead
- lean forward
- do not swallow blood (causes nausea) |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for lung cancer (3) |
|
Definition
- smoking
- chemical exposure
- environmental factors |
|
|
Term
| What would be the appropriate time to remove a chest tube? (2) |
|
Definition
- when drainage stops
- NO bubbling in water seal chamber |
|
|
Term
| Post-op complication for Deviated septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Requirement for TB patient to leave room |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of infection is NOT treated with antimicrobials |
|
Definition
| Any type of infection that is NOT bacterial (ie viral) |
|
|
Term
| s/sx of sinus infection (2) |
|
Definition
- headache
- facial PRESSURE around the affected sinus |
|
|
Term
| Highest risk group for acquiring TB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laryngeal cancer: s/sx (2) |
|
Definition
- hoarse voice over 2 weeks
- difficulty swallowing |
|
|
Term
| Patient has pneumonectomy: What side should patient lie on? Why? |
|
Definition
| UNAFFECTED side. Prevent remaining lung and organs from shifting toward the empty space. |
|
|
Term
| Note about chest tube dressing (what to do and why) |
|
Definition
- Leave the dressing alone (don't change it)
- It is an occlusive (airtight) dressing designed to prevent air from entering thorax. |
|
|
Term
| Complications of untreated strep throat (2) |
|
Definition
- rheumatic fever
- glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Type of speech used by larangectomees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swallowing air and regurgitating it through esophagus to produce sound. |
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis: etiology |
|
Definition
- affects any gland that secretes
- gives tenacious secretions
- genetic |
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis: diagnostic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis: drug treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- aggressive postural drainage (before meals)
- mouth care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pt should avoid red-color drink |
|
|
Term
| what is the most complication of influenza |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
