Term
| inhalation brings ______ to the blood, and exhalation removes ______ from the blood. |
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Definition
inhalation brings oxygen
exhalation removes air and gases which result from respiratory metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment |
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Term
| What is speech breathing? |
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Definition
| We breathe differently for speech than for quiet breathing, for quiet breathing we have equal inhales and exhales, but for speech there are longer exhales to support utterances. |
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Term
| what is the basic energy source for speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the basic process of inhalation? (7 steps) |
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Definition
1. inhalation
2. chest and lungs expand
3. diaphragm lowers
4. air flows in through the nose and mouth
5. air goes down pharynx and between open VFs
6. air continues downward through trachea and bronchial tubes
7. air research final destination in lungs |
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Term
| when the respiratory system is at rest, the lungs are partially inflated to approximately ___% of total lung capacity |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the lungs located, and which lung is shorter; why? |
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Definition
| located in the thoracic cavity; right lung is shorter because the liver is underneath it and forces it in a slightly upward direction |
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Term
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Definition
| tubes that extend from the lungs upward to the trachea |
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Term
| what are the bronchi composed of and bound together by? |
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Definition
| cartilaginous rings bound together by fibroelastic tissue |
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Term
| in the lungs, the bronchi subdivide into what? Eventually these end up as what? |
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Definition
| they divide into bronchioles, and then break down even more become more thin and muscular until eventually they communicate with the alveolar ducts that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs |
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Term
| as a person inhales, air goes where? |
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Definition
| through the larynx into the trachea to the lungs, which then expand. |
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Term
| as a person exhales, air goes where? |
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Definition
| upward through the trachea and out the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| 20 rings of cartilage, which are incomplete in the back. The first ring is larger than the rest and connects to the cricoid cartilage. |
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Term
| How are the 32-33 vertebrae divided up? |
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Definition
| 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral/sacrum and 3-4 coccygeal/coccyx |
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Term
| thoracic vertebrae provide attachment for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three points of the sternum? |
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Definition
| manubrium, body and xiphoid process |
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Term
| what are the three components of the rib cage? |
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Definition
| sternum in the anterior surface, 12 thoracic vertebrae in the posterior surface and 12 pairs of ribs that connect laterally from the vertebrae to their individual costal cartilages |
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Term
| the diaphragm separates what two things? |
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Definition
| the abdomen from the thorax |
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Term
| which muscles plays the most significant role in breathing? |
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Definition
| diaphragm - because lungs rest on it |
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Term
| what role do the internal AND external intercostal muscles play in respiration? |
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Definition
| the 11 pairs of internal intercostals pull the ribs downward to decrease the diameter of the thoracic cavity of exhalation-- the 11 pairs of external intercostals raise the ribs up and out to increase the diameter of the thoracic cavity for inhalation |
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Term
| the serratus posterior superior, levator costarum brevis, levator costarum longis and external intercostal muscles are all involved in rib cage elevation/lowering? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two key accessory muscles of the neck that indirectly influence respiration? |
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Definition
| sternocleidomastoid (elevates sternum) and trapezius (controls head and elongates neck) |
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Term
| what are the two posterior thoracic muscles involved in respiration? What do they both support? |
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Definition
| Subcostal muscle (depresses the thorax) and serratus posterior inferior muscles (pull the rib cage down) --- both support exhalation |
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Term
| thoracic muscles are primarily for ____ and abdominal muscles are primarily for ____ |
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Definition
thoracic: inhalation
abdominal: exhalation |
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Term
| respiration provides the foundation and energy for _______. |
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Definition
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Term
1. as the lungs expand, what happens to the pressure within the lungs?
2. what happens to air pressure as the air then moves through the open laryngeal valve?
3. As a result, of the steps above, what do we do? |
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Definition
1. the pressure inside the lungs is reduced compared to the pressure outside the lungs
2. equalizes pressure inside and outside the lungs
3. we exhale |
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Term
| what separates the abdomen from the thorax? |
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Definition
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