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respiration
n/a
29
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
11/22/2010

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Cards

Term
can you list the functions of the respiratory system
Definition

A- exchange of gasses

B- blood Ph regulation

C- Immunity

D- Vocalization

Term
what is meant by respiration
Definition
in the context of the respiratory system, it means moving air in and out of the lungs and exchanging gasses between the blood, air and tissues
Term
Define pulmonary ventilation
Definition
movement of air in and out of the lungs
Term
define inspiration
Definition
act of air movement into the lungs
Term
define expiration
Definition
act of air movement out of the lungs
Term
define external respiration
Definition
exchange of gasses between the air and blood
Term
define internal respiration
Definition
exchange of gasses between the body tissues and the blood
Term
functions of nasal conchae
Definition
cause air to become turbulent in the nasal cavity so that it may become warmed and moistened by blood supply
Term
functions of larynx
Definition
contains vocal cords, as air passes out of the larynx sound waves are created by these cords
Term
functions of false vocal cords
Definition
help to form a seal with the epiglottis during swallowing
Term
fuctions of the true vocal chords
Definition
vibrate and produce sound waves for voice
Term
functions of the trachea
Definition
air passage lined with mucus to trap debris and ciliated cells to move the mucus toward the mouth. leads air into primary bronchi
Term
functions of lungs
Definition
respritory organ for pulmonary ventilation and external respiration
Term
what is the epithelia type that lines the trachea and what is the specific function of epithelia? what structures of the epithelia allow for its function?
Definition
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithilia. Goblet cells produce mucus to trap debris and ciliated cells to move the mucus toward the mouth
Term
what is the function of the U-shaped rings in the trachea
Definition
keep an patent airway
Term
can you describe the structure how the diameter of the airways is affected by the bifurcation
Definition
each resulting airway will have 50% the diameter
Term
can you describe the overall cross-sectional area in the bronchioles compared to the trachea
Definition
the total cross sectional area is much greater than the trachea
Term
can you describe the structure and function of the pleural cavity
Definition
formed by a double serous membrane called the pleural membrane. the layers are the visceral and parietal layers and the space between them is the pleural cavity. this cavity is filled with pleural fluid secreted by the membrane
Term
can you describe the structure and function of the alveoli
Definition
microscopic air sacs that allow gas exchange with blood. their walls are formed primarily by simple squamous cells
Term
what is the function of the elastic fibers that surround the alveoli
Definition
to return the alveoli t osesting position during expiration
Term
can you describe the classificationand function of type I and II cells in the alveolar walls
Definition

Type I=simple squamous epithelia , allow gas exchange

Type II= simple cuboidal epithelia that makes and secretes surfactant

Term
what is the function of surfactant
Definition
decrease surface tension of water in the alveoli
Term
what is the importantce of alveolar macrophages
Definition
phagocytose debris in the alveoli- immunity
Term
can you describe the structure and function of the respritory membrane
Definition
formed by the wall of the capillary and the wall of the alveoli and the basement membrane between them. very thin (10-100 angstrom) and allows for the efficient gas exchange
Term
what factors restrict respiration
Definition
air flow (resistance to flow due to diameter of airway), compliance (ability of the alveolar walls to expand and take on air during inspiration) and surface area (amount of alveolar wall for exchange of gasses to occur)
Term
what is the unit of measurement for atmospheric pressure
Definition
mmHg (millimeter of mercury)
Term
what is daltons law, how is it useful to respirtory physiology
Definition
it allows the calculation of pressure exerted by a single gas in the atmospher. partial pressure of oxygen and co2 can be calculated to determine pressure gradients between blood and air and blood and tissue
Term
boyles law
Definition
P1V1=P2V2
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