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RESP 251
Module 3 A
40
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
02/22/2009

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Aerosol Therapy
Definition
Delivery of aerosol particles to respiratory tract for therapeutic purposes
Term
Indications for use of Aerosol Therapy
Definition

- humidify dry inspired gas

- Sputum induction

- Deliver aerosolized drugs

Term
Advantages of Aerosol Therapy
Definition

- smaller doses than those of systemic treatment

- quick onset of drug action

- delivery targeted to respiratory system

- systemic side effects fewer and less severe than with oral or parenteral therapy

-painless and relatively convenient

Term
Disadvantages of Aerosol Therapy
Definition

- many variables affecting dose delivered

- difficulty in dose estimation and reproducibility

- difficult in coordinating hand action and breathing with MDI

- lack of technical info on aerosol producing devices

Term
Aerosol
Definition
Suspension of liquid or solid particles in carrier gas
Term
Stability
Definition
Tendency of aerosol particles to remain in suspension
Term
Deposition
Definition
Particles depositing out of suspension to remain in lung
Term
Efficacy of Inhaled Drugs
Definition
10 - 50 %
Term
Aerosol Output
Definition
Weight or mass of aerosol particles produced by nebulizer
Term
MMD (Mass Median Diameter)
Definition
Particle size above which 50% of mass of particles is found
Term
GSD (Geometric Standard Deviation)
Definition
Measure of dispersion of particle diameter (size) in distribution
Term
Monodispersed
Definition
Having single particle size GST < 1.22
Term
Heterodispersed
Definition
Aerosol having range of particle size GST > 1.22
Term
Volume of a sphere (formula)
Definition
V = 4/3∏r3
Term
Aerosol Density
Definition
Measure of weight or mass of aerosol per unit volume (mg/L or g/L)
Term
Optimum size of Particles for deposition in LRT
Definition
1-5 microns
Term
Particle deposition factors
Definition

-breathing pattern

-inspiratory flow pattern

Term
Particle Size Deposition - Mouth
Definition
> 15 microns
Term
Particle Size Deposition - Nose
Definition
>10 microns
Term
Particle Size Deposition - Upper airway
Definition
5 - 10 microns
Term
Particle Size Deposition - LRT
Definition
1-5 microns
Term
Respirable Fraction
Definition
Particles 1-5 micron range that settle in LRT and lung periphery
Term
Particles 2-5 microns
Definition
Deposit in LRT More adrenergic receptors in bronchioles eg. Ventolin
Term
Particles .8 - 3 Microns
Definition
Increased delivery of aerosol to lung parenchyma eg. Anti infective drugs such as pentamidine where intra alveolar deposition needed with minimum deposition in airways due to irritation
Term
Mechanisms of Deposition
Definition

- inertial impaction

- gravitational settling (sedimentation)

- diffusion

Term
Inertial Impaction
Definition
- function of particle size and velocity I = MV
Term
Enhance particle deposition by inertial impaction
Definition

- turbulent flow

- convoluted passages

- bifurcation of airways when inspiratory flows >30 lpm

Term
Gravitational Settling
Definition

Function of particle size and time.

- occurs when particles settle out of suspension due to gravity

Term
Primary Mechanism for deposition of particles in 2-5 micron range
Definition
Gravitational Settling
Term
Airway Generation the Sedimentation Occurs
Definition
Last 5-6 airway generations
Term
Settling Rate of 5 micron particle
Definition
.7 mm/sec
Term
Rate of Gravitational Settling
Definition
Rate of Settling = Particle Size ^2
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Function of time and random molecular motion
Term
Primary Mechanism for deposition in small particles < 3 microns
Definition
Diffusion (Brownian Movement)
Term
Lung location that diffusion occurs
Definition
Alveolar region where bulk gas flow ceases and particle inertia is low
Term
Pattern of Inhalation
Definition

Can influence aerosol drug delivery to lungs

Includes:

- volumes at beginning and end of inspiration

- inspiratory time and flow rates

- mouth vs nose breathing

- breath hold

Term
Hazards of Aerosol Therapy
Definition

- Adverse Reaction to drug being administered -infection

- nosocomial infections

Term
Common sources of infections by Aerosol Therapy
Definition

- contaminated solutions (multiple drug dose vials)

- inadequate hand washing between patients

- contaminated respiratory equipment (homecare)

Term
Aging
Definition
Process by which an aerosol supsension changes over time
Term
Factors affecting rate of aging
Definition

-composition of aerosol

- initial size of particles

- time in suspension

- ambient conditions

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