Term
| WHAT ARE THE EXPLORATORY SINGLE-SUBJECT DESIGNS? |
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Definition
•A Design
•B Design
•BB1 Design
•BC Design |
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Term
| WHAT ARE DESCRIPTIVE SINGLE-SUBJECT DESIGNS? |
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Definition
•AB Design
•ABC and ABCD Designs |
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Term
| What are the reversal designs? |
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Definition
–ABA and ABAB Designs
–BAB Design
–BCBC Design |
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Term
| What are the multiple-baseline designs? |
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Definition
–More than One Case
–More than One Setting
–More than One Problem |
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Term
| Concerns using single-subject designs? |
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Definition
•Impracticality
•Limited scope
•Limited validity
•Inadequate time-series measures
•Individual focus
•Little research on effectiveness |
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Term
| What are Impracticality, limited scope, limited validity, inadequate time-series measures, individual focus and little research on effectiveness? |
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Definition
| Concerns for using Single-subject designs |
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Term
| What are the CHARACTERISTICS OF “IDEAL” EXPERIMENTS? |
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Definition
•Controlling the Time Order of Variables
•Manipulating the Independent Variable
Establishing Relationships Between Variables
•Controlling Rival Hypotheses
•Using a Control Group
•Randomly Assigning to Groups
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Term
| How do you Control the Time Order of Variables? |
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Definition
–Independent variable must precede the Dependent variable |
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Term
How do you manipulate the indepenpendent variable? |
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Definition
–Using an experimental or control group |
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Term
| To control the rival hypotheses you: |
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Definition
–Holding Extraneous Variables Constant
–Using Correlated Variation
–Using Analysis of Covariance |
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Term
In characteristics of ideal experiments, Randomly Assigning to Groups includes; |
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Definition
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Term
| THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY ARE? |
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Definition
| History, testing, matureation, instrumental error, statistical regression, differential selection of research participants, mortality, reactive effects of research participants, interaction effects and relations between the experimental and control groups |
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Term
| What does history mean when referring to internal validity? |
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Definition
| Outside events not taken into account during the research design. |
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Term
| In dealing with threats to internal validity, what does maturation refer to? |
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Definition
| physical or psychological change in the populations |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity, what does testing refer to? |
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Definition
| Pretests at the starting point of a research desgin |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity what does intrumental error refer to? |
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Definition
| Flaws in the instruments used |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity what does Statistical regression refer to? |
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Definition
| The group of scores that tend to be high or low |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity, differential selection of research participants refers to..? |
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Definition
| How different the participats are from one another |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity, mortality refers to? |
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Definition
| Participants that may drop out of the study. |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity Reactive effects of research participants refers to: |
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Definition
| Participants reacting to the "novelty" of the study |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity, interaction effects refers to? |
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Definition
| The interaction of two threats to internal validity |
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Term
| When dealing with internal validity, Relationships betweem experimental and control groups refers to? |
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Definition
Diffusion of treatments
Compensatory Equalization
Compensatory rivalry |
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Term
| What is Diffusion of treatments? |
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Definition
| Participants from the control group talk to participants from the experimental group |
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Term
| What is Compensatory equalization? |
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Definition
| Conpensation by staff to the control group |
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Term
| What is compensatory rivalry? |
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Definition
| groups become motivated to compete with one another |
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Term
| What are the threats to external validity? |
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Definition
Pretest- treatment interaction
Selection-treatment interaciton
Specificity of variables
Reactive effects
Multiple-treatment interference
Research bias |
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Term
| With regards to threats of external validity, pretest-treatment interaction refers to? |
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Definition
| The nature of a pretest can alter the way a participant responds to the intervention |
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Term
| With regards to threats of external validity, selection-treatment interaction refers to? |
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Definition
| The research design can not provide for random selection |
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Term
| With regards to threats of external validity, the specificity of variables refers to? |
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Definition
| A research project conducted with a specific group may not apple to another similar group |
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Term
| With regards to threats of external validity, reactive effects refers to: |
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Definition
| The attitudes of individuals taking the pretest are affects |
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Term
| With regards to threats of external validity, Multiple-treatment interference refets to.. |
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Definition
| Two or more interventions that are given in succession |
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Term
The Exploratory research designs are:
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Definition
•One-group Posttest-only Design
•Cross-sectional Survey Design
•Multigroup Posttest-only Design
•Longitudinal One-group Posttest-only
•Design
•Longitudinal Survey Design |
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Term
| In Exploratory research designs, longitudinal survey designs can be what types of studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the descriptive research designs? |
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Definition
•Randomized One-group Posttest-only Design
•Randomized Cross-sectional Survey Design
•One-group Pretest-posttest Design
•Comparison Group Posttest-only Design
•Comparison Group Pretest-posttest Design
•Interrupted Time-series Design |
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Term
| What are the explanatory research designs? |
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Definition
•Classical Experimental Design
•Randomized Posttest-only Control Group Design |
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Term
| What are ways to collects quantitative data? |
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Definition
Survey Questionnairs
structured observation
Secondary data
Exsisting statistics |
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Term
| What are the ways to gather qualitative data? |
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Definition
Narrative interviewing
participant data
secondary data
historical data |
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Term
| In order to collect qualitative data you must: |
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Definition
Establish procedures
Record the data
establish truth value and trustworthiness of data. |
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Term
| What are the steps for collecting data in the research process? |
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Definition
•Steps 1 and 2: Selecting a General Research Topic and Focusing the Topic into a Research Question
•Steps 3 and 4: Designing the Research Study and Collecting the Data
•Steps 5 and 6: Analyzing and Interpreting the Data
Steps 7 and 8: Presentation and Dissemination of Findings |
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Term
| What is the criteria for selecting a data collection method? |
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Definition
| size, scope, program participation, worker cooperation, intrusion into the lives of research participants, resources, time and previous research |
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