Term
| What is a control variable? |
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Definition
| Potential independent variables that are held constant during an experiment because it is controlled by the experimenter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The systematic manipulation of some factors in the environment in order to observe the effect of this manipulation on behavior. |
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Term
| What is an experimental design? |
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Definition
| A design where the experimenter intervenes. |
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of a correlation? |
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Definition
| Correlations do not equal causation. |
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Term
| What is an advantage of a correlation? |
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Definition
| Correlations are good for describing the relationship between two variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| a non-experimental design used to measure the degree of a relationship between two variables. |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of a case study? |
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Definition
-Poor External Validity
-Poor Internal Validity
-No Cause/Effect conclusions
-Poor Reliability |
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Term
| What is the benefit of a case study? |
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Definition
| It's good for describing a new/rare phenomenon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intensive investigation of one particular event, person, or behavior. |
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Term
| What are the cons of a naturalistic observation? |
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Definition
-No cause/effect conclusion
-Poor internal validity because there is a control over variables.
-Must be patient, since you have to wait for behavior to occur.
-Poor reliability. |
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Term
| What are the pros of naturalistic observation? |
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Definition
-Easy to plan
-Good external validity |
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Term
| What is naturalistic observation? |
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Definition
| The description of naturally occurring events without the intervention of the experimenter. |
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Term
| What is an experimental design? |
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Definition
| Design where the experimenter intervenes. |
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Term
| What is a non-experimenter design? |
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Definition
| A design where the experimenter does not intervene. |
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Term
| What are three types of non-experimental design? |
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Definition
-Naturalistic Observation
-Case Study
-Correlation |
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Term
| What are the two types of research design? |
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Definition
| Non-experimental design & Experimental design |
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Term
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Definition
| Even after people are trained together and show inter-rater reliability, over time the scores will drift apart again. |
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Term
| What is inter-rater reliability? |
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Definition
| The practice of two raters giving the same score on the same test to the same person. |
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Term
| What is split-half reliability? |
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Definition
| Dividing a test into two corresponding halves and having the responses to both halves match. |
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Term
| What is test-retest reliability? |
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Definition
| The practice of giving the same test twice in succession over a short interval to see if the scores are the same. |
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Term
| What are the three types of reliability? |
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Definition
-Test-retest reliability
-Split-half reliability
-inter-rater reliability |
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Term
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Definition
| The repeatability of an experimental result. |
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Term
| What is external validity? |
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Definition
| The extent to which your results are generalizable across the population. |
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Term
| What is internal validity? |
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Definition
| The extent to which your independent variable (and not something else) accounts for your results. |
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Term
| What are five threats to Internal Validity? |
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Definition
-Influence of historical events
-Practice effects
-Maturation effects
-Selection Bias
-Instrumentation/Calibration Error |
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Term
| What is an independent variable? |
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Definition
| What you think is affecting the result. |
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Term
| What is a dependent variable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of validity? |
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Definition
| Internal Validity & External Validity |
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Term
| What are the steps of the scientific method? |
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Definition
-Observation
-Defining the problem
-Propose a hypotheses
-Test hypothesis
-Publish results
-Theory build |
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