Term
| Threats to Internal Validity |
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Definition
| possibility that conclusions drawn from experimental results may not accurately reflect what has gone one in the experiment itself. Consists of Researcher-Related threats Participant related threats and procedure related threats. |
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Definition
| researcher related threat involves a researcher or a confederate who is aware of the study's purpose, variables, hypothesis and this individual could unconsciously treat participants differently in the various conditions of the study |
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Definition
| this threat can occur when the researcher's knowledge of the research study's purpose, variables, and hypothesis biases their observations of the dependent variable in some way |
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Term
| researcher attribute effect |
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Definition
| takes place when some characteristic or feature of the researcher systematically affects participant responses in a study |
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Definition
| participant related threat that occurs when participants responses are influenced by the fact that they are aware of being observed |
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Definition
| participant related threat where the process of measuring and re measuring will influence people's behavior, thereby confounding the experimental results. |
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Definition
| participant related threat where people are continually growing and changing whether in an experiment or not, and such changes can affect the results of the experiment |
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Definition
| participant related threat where experimental participants will drop out of the experiment before it's completed, which can affect statistical comparisons and conclusions |
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Definition
| participant related threat where comparisons between groups of participants don't have any meaning unless the groups are comparable |
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Definition
| participant related threat where biases result when the participants in different experimental groups have an opportunity to influence on another in some way |
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Definition
| participant related threat where the participants deprived of the experimental stimulus may try to compensate for the missing stimulus by working harder. |
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Definition
| participant related threat where feelings of depravation within the control group may result in their giving up |
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Term
| history (procedure related threat) |
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Definition
| the results of an experimental study could be the result of current events that take place while the experiment is being conducted |
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Term
| instrumentation (procedure related threat) |
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Definition
| this problem occurs if the instrument we are using to measure the dependent variable changes from the first measurement to the second |
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Term
| treatment of confound (procedure related threat) |
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Definition
| the independent variable is woven together with another variable, and it is this other variable that produces the effect on the dependent variable |
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Term
| statistical regression (procedure related threat) |
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Definition
| tendency for people who score at the extremes during the pretest to produce posttest score that have regressed toward the middle or the mean |
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Term
| Compensation (procedure related threat) |
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Definition
| participants in the control group are deprived of something considered to be of value and are then offered something in hopes to make up for it |
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Term
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Definition
| examine cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variable, consist of pre, quasi, classical, and factorial designs |
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Definition
| a researcher tries to determine in advance the variables that might relate systematically to the dependent variable as measure through a post test |
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Definition
| consists of one shot case study, one group pretest posttest and static group comparison |
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Term
| quasi experimental design |
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Definition
| consists of time series design, nonequivalent control group design, and multiple time series design |
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Term
| true experimental designs |
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Definition
| pretest posttest control group design, posttest only control group design, and solomon four group design |
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