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| Systematically varying the level of an independent variable in an experiment, with the goal of seeing whether doing so has any effect on the measured level of a dependent variable. |
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| A method of assigning participants to experimental conditions. |
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| A technique for assigning participants to different conditions in an experiment. |
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| A confound that occurs in a laboratory experiment or quasi-experiment when a researcher mistakenly allows a second variable to vary long with a manipulated variable. |
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| A confound that occurs when a measure designed to assess a specific construct such as self-esteem, time pressure, or happiness inadvertently measures something else as well. |
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| The finding that people recognize most words more quickly than usual when they have just been exposed to words that have a similar meaning. |
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| An extraneous variable in an experiment that (a) influences the dependent variable but that (b) is evenly distributed across experimental conditions. |
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| The degree to which the physical setting in an experiment is similar to the real world setting(s) in which the experimenter's independent and dependent variables are most likely to operate. |
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| The degree to which the subjective experiences of research participants are realistic or psychologically meaningful. |
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| A measure taken to see if participants in different experimental conditions truly experienced the different levels of the independent variable that the researcher hoped to manipulate. |
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