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Research Methods Flashcards
Research Methods PSY3213- Exam 1 Flashcards
56
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/09/2009

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Term
Know why I claim that this is the most important course you will take.
Definition
Improves the chances of getting into graduate school.
-How students are selected
-Research Opportunities @ FSU include directed studies and honor thesis
-Methods learned will be useful for higher levels.
Improves chances of having a career in psychology.
Term
What are the 3 ways of knowing?
Definition
1. Authority
2. Use of Reason
3. Experience or Empiricism
Term
Authority
Definition
believing something because it comes from an expert or authority figure, ex religion.
Term
Use of Reason
Definition
Arriving @ conclusions by applying logic and reason
Term
Experience or Empiricism
Definition
Learning through direct observation or experience.
Term
Differentiates psychology from philosophy?
Definition
Adherence to empirical confirmation
Term
Differentiates physiology from everyday opinion?
Definition
Adherence to logic or reason
Term
Psychology
Definition
a way of knowing that depends on empirically based reasoning.
Term
What are the four goals of psychological research?
Definition
1. Description
2. Prediction
3. Explanation
4. Application
Term
Description
Definition
what exactly happens? When and where? What happened before and after
Term
Prediction
Definition
How likely is something to happen at a time point of interest.
Term
Explanation
Definition
Explaining what causes the behavior
Term
Application
Definition
How can human behavior and thinking be shaped, learned, encouraged, discouraged, or eliminated.
Term
What is an IRB?
Definition
Institutional Review Board
Term
Institutional Review Board
Definition
Enforces for office for Human Research Protections.
Term
What are the key criteria members of an IRB use in deciding whether to approve a research proposal?
Definition

1. Risk to participants are minimized.

2. Risks are reasonable in light of anticipated benefits

3. Selection of participants is equitable and special populations are protected.

4. Informed consent will be obtained and documented

5. Safeguards will be in place to protect the safety and rights of participants

6. Provisions for protecting privacy of subjects and confidentiality of data are in place.

Term
What legislation governs the operation of an IRB?
Definition
45 CFR Rule 46.
Term
What are the elements of informed consent?
Definition
  • Who you are
  • What you are doing
  • Why you are doing it
  • Benefits and risks for participation
  • What participants will do and how long it will take Participation is voluntary; no penalty for withdrawing
  • How confidentiality will be maintained
  • Whom to contact with questions or problems
Term
What governs protections for animal subjects?
Definition
Animal Welfare Act
Term
What legislation does it enforce?
Definition
Animal Care and use Committee charged with enforcing the Animal Welfare Act.
Term
What are the key provisions in the APA code that governs animal research?
Definition

1. Scientific purpose outweighs any harm or distress to animals

Purpose includes:

-Increase knowledge about processes that underlie behavior

-Increase knowledge of species being studied

-Provide result than benefit the health or welfare of humans or other animals.

2. Animals Must be cared for properly

3. Because use for animals for educational demonstrations does not generate how knowledge, animal use should be minimal and alternates should be considered.

Term
Know the two kinds of scientific fraud.
Definition
Plagarism and Falsifying Data
Term
Plagarism
Definition
taking ideas or writing of others and claiming it as your own.
Ex. Drug companies paying ghost writers to write paper then have well known professors edit the paper and put their name on it.
Relevance of academic honor code
Term
Falsifying Data
Definition
making up altering or suppressing data.
Term
What is the most important part of the research process?
Definition
Finding the most important question to try to answer.
Term
What influences choice of the most important problem to study?
Definition
-Personal interest, observations and experience
-Related work or other researchers
Term
What are common pitfalls to avoid?
Definition
-Being unfamiliar with the literature
-Reading too much of the literature too early.
Term
What are key sources (journals, online databases) and what are you likely to find in each?
Definition
Psychological Bulletin- reviews of literature
Psychological Review- publishes new data (theoretical)
Annual Review of Psychology- someone asked every other year to write a special article
Current Directions in Psychological Science- sent out
American Psychologist- sent to all members of APA
Behavior and Brain Sciences
Term
What are key sources (journals, online databases) and what are you likely to find in each?
Definition
PsycINFO- a computer database available online.
Reference lists from relevant articles
Programs from Annual meetings
Term
What is a key limitation to these sources, and what are possible solutions to this limitation?
Definition
Publication Lag is a limitation.

Solutions to this limitation:
-attend conferences
-get conference programs or proceedings if you cannot attend
-contact major researcher in the area and ask for preprints and information about what they are currently studying.
Term
What are common myths about theories?
Definition
  • Theories ARE NOT true of false.
  • Facts DO NOT have en existences independent of a theory
  • Theories can have tremendous support in accounting for a set of facts, but never convert into facts after being proven
Term
What are the realities?
Definition
Theories are only useful or not useful although predications derived from theories can be disconfirmed or not.
Term
What are the attributes of useful theories?
Definition
  • Productivity
  • Faseification
Term
What is meta-analysis?
Definition
· Probably the most important kind of research (used to summarize results of a bunch of studies
Term
What are the four key results to look for in a meta-analysis?
Definition
  • Average weighted effect size (larger studies are trusted moreā€¦ more weight)
  • Confidence interval for average weighted effect size, or test of whether it is greater than 0
  • Test of whether variability in effect sizes across studies was greater than expected due to chance
  • Identification of predictors of variability in effect size across studies
Term
Psychological Bulletin
Definition
reviews of literature
Term
Psychological Review
Definition
publishes new data (theoretical)
Term
Annual Review of Psychology
Definition
someone asked every other year to write a special article
Term
Current Directions in Psychological Science
Definition
sent out
Term
American Psychologist
Definition
sent to all members of APA
Term
Behavior and Brain Sciences
Definition
magazine
Term
Basic research
Definition
goal of describing predicting or explaining fundamental principles.
Term
Applied Research
Definition
goal of solving important practical problems
Term
How are Basic & Applied Research similar?
Definition
Commonly interact in a mutually beneficial way


Ex. Includes origin of cognitive psychology in WWII
Term
Lab Research
Definition
done in controlled confines of scientific labs
Term
Field Research
Definition
done outside of the lab
Term
Lab Advantages
Definition
advantage in control but field has the advantage in geralizability of results to an everyday world.
Term
Quantitative research
Definition
relies on numbers
Term
Qualitative
Definition
relies on narrative analysis of case studies, interviews, or observations.
Term
Quantitative
Definition
is more objective but sometimes at a cost of limiting what can be studied
Term
Qualitative
Definition
can be applied to a wider variety of phenomena, but at a cost of loss of objectivity.
Term
8 Main Parts to an Article
Definition
  1. Title Page
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Method
  5. Result
  6. Discussion
  7. Tables and Figures
  8. Reference List
Term
· Quantitative synthesis of an entire literature is _____?
Definition
based on effect size
Term
Effect size
Definition

measure of the size of an effect

 

 

 

§ Could be how big the difference is between an experimental group and a control group

 

§ Could be how strong a correlation relation is between two things

Term
Productivity
Definition
  • How much is summarized, organized, explained or generated
Term
Falsification
Definition
how capable is it of generating testable hypothesis. Parsimony: How simple is the theory.
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