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Research Design
Mid term content
16
Psychology
Graduate
10/11/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
operational definition
Definition
specific observable steps involved in measuring or manipulating constructs being studied
Term
internal validity
Definition

factor causes effects

 

treatment changes come before outcome changes

 

changes not due to extraneous variables 

through use of experiments

Term

construct validity

Definition

degree to which study measures or manipulates what it intends to

 

  1. What does the treatment really manipulate?
  2. What does the measure really measure?
  3. Is their behavior genuine of merely an act?

Threats: poor measures, poor manipulation, experimenter or participant bias

Term
external validity
Definition

degree to which results can be generalized to different participants, settings, times

 

  1. Generalized to other settings?
  2. Generalized to other participants?

Improve: replicate results with different population

Term
3 KEY ETHICAL RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Definition
  1. Potential harm minimized?
    1. informed consent
    2. debriefing
  2. Potential benefits maximized?
    1. benefits to humanity
    2. validity
  3. Permission to conduct research?
    1. Consult
    2. IRB
Term
IRB
Definition

Institutional Review Board: committee of at least 5 members (1 nonscientist) who review and monitor proposed research

 

violates federal law to proceed without IRB approval

Term
IACUC
Definition
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee: approves animal research
Term

8 threats to internal validity

(Campbell & Stanley)

Definition
  1. Selection- preexisting group differences
  2. Selection by maturation interaction- groups changed at different rates
  3. Regression to the mean
  4. Mortality
  5. Maturation
  6. History
  7. Testing
  8. Instrumentation
Term
How can pretest score screening be misleading?
Definition
  1. Selection by maturation
  2. regression to the mean
Term
What are 2 problems with 2 group designs?
Definition
  1. Self selection- participants choose group, fundamentally different
  2. Arbitrary selection- groups still fundamentally different on some variable
Term
What are 4 problems with matching on multiple variables?
Definition
  1. Idential participants dont exist
  2. Cannot match participants on every variable
  3. Cannot match partpnts on all relevant variables because we dont know them
  4. Pretest score screening can be misleading
Term
3 problems with Pretest-Posttest design?
Definition
  1. Maturation
  2. History
  3. Testing effects
Term
3 measurement changes that may cause scores to change between pretest and posttest?
Definition
  1. Instrumentation
  2. Measurement Error
  3. Mortality
Term
True or False: You can rule out extraneous variables.
Definition
FALSE: Ruling out extraneous variables is impossible, but you can rule out their effects
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