1. most useful for lifting objects vertically

2. Force goes down, fulcrum then weight pg. 140

3. Ex. Lever

1. useful for moving objects horizonatally

2. Ex. Wheelbarrows

3. force goes up, weight, then fulcrum 

1. force may be sacrificed for distance

2. ex. shovels and brooms

3. fulcrum at the handle forice goes up then weight

1,500 pounds

- one person with a 5 ton hydraulic jack can lift 10,000Ibs (fulcrum reset at 7" to 4' 

- When lifting fulcrum must reset every 2" to 4" 

1. Concrete: 150 PCF

2. Masonry: 125 PCF

3. Wood: 35 PCF

4. Steel: 490 PCF

5. Concrete/ Masonry Rubble: 10 PCF

1. 2x4 and 4x4 

2. Douglas fir and Southern Pine 

3. Talks to you

4. Rated at 500 psi

5. a finished flat surface has an actual size of 3.5" 

*a true 4x4 3 1/2 by 3 1/2 

*2x4 is 1 1/2 by 3 1/2

1. each overlapped contact point bearing load is 6,000Ibs

2. multiply by 4 is 24,000Ibs

4. Cross tie crib: 54,000Ibs pg. 149

5. A box crib 6x6 lumber: 60,000

1. 4 contact points: 3x length of cribbing

2. 2 contact points: 1.5 x length of cribbing

3. 1 contact point: 1x length of cribbing

*How high cribbing could go!!

*Never build a crib bed higher than three times the length of cribbing in use (to determine the cribbing length measure the shortest side of crib bed from outside of contact point to outside contact point

1. 2 member x 2 member box crib

a. 4x4 box crib: 24,000Ibs (12 tons)

b. 6x6 box crib: 60,000Ibs (30 tons)

2. 3x3 Member Cross tie Crib

a. 4x4 Cross tie: 54,000Ibs (27tons)

b. 6x6 cross tie: 135,000Ibs (67 1/2 tons)

***1 ton = 2,000 pounds

*DO NOT STACK CRIBBING MORE THAN TWO HIGH IN THE SAME DIRECTION*

1. Foundation: flush or raised foundation

2. Floors: floor joist located every 12" to 16" on centerwith 1 1/2 to 2" thick concrete

3. Walls: Wall studs located every 16" on center. 

4. Roof: roof joist located every 16" to 24" on center. 

1. Ladder A Frame: Rig both ladders at 75 degrees

2. Keep load between ladder beams. 

1. Shore assemble team: shoring officer

2. The cutting team

3. Waiters

pg. 197

1. Lumber: 2x4 and 4x4 

2. Plywood: 4x8 panels  thickness from 1/4" to 3/4"

1. Duplex nails

2. 8 penny nail: 150 pounds/ used on plywood 

3. 16 penny nail: 225 Ibs/ used on 2" lumber

1. Used to stablize floors and ceilings 

2. It is unstable 

3. I -Form

4. pg. 208

1. Stablaize damage floors, ceilings, roofs or replace missing or unstbale loadbearing walls or columns,

2. K -shaped

3. pg. 211

4. Maximum Height: 12 ft

pg. 212-213******(FINAL QUESTION)

breaking strength:

Designed Load:

4x4 Post: 8ft =16,000Ibs

                10Ft=10,000Ibs

                       12ft = 7,000Ibs****

6x6 Post: 12ft = 40,000Ibs

              14ft = 29,000Ibs

               16 ft= 24,000Ibs

1. Same as CLASS II

2. X - SHAPED!

1. Used to support leaning or unstable walls and columns by transfering the lateral forces to the ground.

2. pg. 201 

Components of a two post vertical shore  

·        (2) 2x4 Diagonal braces (2x6) 7ft. x 6 inches is the maximum length.

·        (4) 2x Wedges, nail behind them t keep in place.

·        (2) Posts can be 4x4 or 6x6, vertical can be 20 Ft. maximum at 6x6 and the distance between them is 4 Ft. maximum for 4x4 and 5 ft. for 6x6.

·        (1) Midpoint brace is required, can be 6 – 11 Ft.

·        (1) 4x4 header with 12 inches leftover on each side.

·        (1) Sole plate same as header, 4x4 with 12 inches leftover on each side.

·        (2) Half gussets 6”x12” by ¾ of inch plywood (It may be one side if no chance of vibration or shock load.)

·        The maximum height for a 4x4 shore is 12 Ft. unless built as part of a laced post.