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Text: Plato, The Republic Book VIII
Context: Rule of the few, rule by necessary appetites
Represents the rule by the necessary appetites, with an emphasis on wealth, represents a person still inside the cave. |
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Text: Plato, The Republic Book V
Men and women are treated equally, their differences don’t matter
All the children belong to everyone, no parental designation, all are parents |
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Definition
T: republic
C: the highest class in the city, the rulers.
Significance: most important group/part of the soul. stresses the idea that the ones who understands the forms, in relation to the soul means that the rational needs to work with the spirited to gain control |
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Text: Plato, The republic
“The Good”
the good, the idea of the true form of good, eternal and unchanging. |
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Definition
Work: Plato's Republic.
Context: This is the story about the shepherd who finds a magic gold ring that allows him to become invisible. The shepherd proceeds to gain access to the palace where he uses his magic ring to seduce the queen, kill the king, and become king himself.
Significance: This story raises the important question that if a just man could do injustice without ever receiving punishment would he act justly? |
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Definition
Work: Plato's Republic
Context: Another story told by Socrates about a man walking along the outskirts of the city. He sees where the dead bodies have been hurled outside the city wall and debates with himself whether or not to look. In the end, his spirit and desire win out, and he looks at the dead bodies.
Significance: This story illuminates how the tripartite soul works. Two parts of the soul must be in agreement and work together. The appetitive and spirited part of Leontius' soul worked together and agreed to look at the bodies. The rational part said don't look, but the other parts together won out. |
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Term
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Definition
Work: Plato's Republic (345b-442b) and Avranmenko's 10/30 Lecture
Context: The tripartite describes the three parts of the soul—Rational, Spirited, and Appetitive.
Significance: Order and harmony are a main theme in the Republic. The soul must have order and harmony to know Justice and behave justly. |
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Term
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Definition
work: Book VIII of Plato's Republic
Context: Socrates has a discourse on Tyranny, one of the five forms of government and give forms of soul in the human personality (544e)
Significance: Tyranny is the result of a soul in disharmony. Tyranny occurs when rationality loses out to the Appetitive and Spirited soul parts. |
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Term
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t: republic
c: The best type of government is where the good and just (guardians) are in charge. The few in charge of the many. This is found in book 8 of the republic section 544-545.
s: what type of government (of city and soul) socrates wants. This is when the rational part of the soul is in charge. |
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T: republic
c: throughout book.
s: socrates final definition of justice is tend to your own business. Each person has their own role to play. |
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t: republic
c: allegory of the cave
s: When you find understanding and knowledge. When in the cave and the prisoner turns around and sees the light of the fire. This light reveals how things appear, opinion of things. |
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Definition
t: lecture
-Refers to the way in which Socrates (In Plato's Republic) used the city in speech at large as a metaphor for the soul.
-Different aspects of the city correlate to different parts of the soul, and in both these parts must be balanced in a certain way. |
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Definition
T: republic
c: the myth of metals
-Used when Plato is describing the way in which the people in the ideal city are to be broken up into different categories of professions.
-The noble lie is the rulers telling the people that their categorization is based on circumstances beyond their control
-Therefore these categories can change from generation to generation (ex. the child of an Auxiliary can become a farmer) |
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t: lecture
-The definitions of yourself based on basic categories of being and their relations.
-Example sister, mother, father etc.
-Contrasted with the ontic self which is the technical self ex. female, 5 feet tall, brown eyes etc. |
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Definition
T: republic/lecture
-The third type of "sick" city discussed in The Republic, step between Oligarchy and Tyranny
-Consists of a variety of lifestyles with no obligation
-Rule by unnecessary appetites
-Values freedom above all else
-Will eventually devolve into anarchy, people desperate for any type of government |
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Term
| The Man, Beast, Lion Analogy |
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Definition
T: republic
Socrates asks us to envision that every human being has three animals inside of him, a multi-headed beast, a lion, and a human. If a man behaves unjustly, he tells us, then he is feeding the beast and the lion, making them strong, and starving and weakening the human being so that he gets dragged along wherever the others lead. He also fails to accustom the three parts to one another and leaves them as enemies. In the just person, the human has the most control. He takes care of the beast like a farm animal, feeding and domesticating the tame heads and preventing the savage ones from growing. He makes the lion his ally. The three parts are friends with each other. Socrates runs through various vices, such as licentiousness and cowardice, and shows how the three parts run amok to cause these vices. It is significant because the analogy is representative of the tripartite soul -- the small man is rational, the lion is thumos, the beast is the appetitive. |
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t: republic
the allegory of the cave is representative of human quest for education. There are four stages in the cave, representative of the four stages of understanding and education. The four stages experienced throughout the allegory are imagination, empty belief, cognitive thought, and understanding. The goal of education is to drag every man as far out of the cave as possible. Education should not aim at putting knowledge into the soul, but at turning the soul toward right desires. The allegory of the cave is significant because Socrates asks whether one should go back in and release the others in the cave. Some people are not ready for this level of understanding, and as Socrates already has told us, each individual has his own role in society, so only those deemed right to have this understanding should be led out of the cave. |
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t: republic
Timocracy was the form of government below Plato's ideal government. People in this society were ruled by Thumos, and it
was a political theory based on the love of honor. Justice, and the desire for justice is not all absent from this society, and plato used Sparta as an example of the timocracy in book 8. |
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