Term
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Definition
| - a woman who has had one pregnancy that resulted in a fetus that attained a weight of 500 g or a gestational age of 20 weeks, regardless of whether the infant was living at birth, and regardless of whether it was a single or multiple birth. |
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Term
| When is early US for dating nec? |
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Definition
| If the menstrual dating and uterine size do not match |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin's affect on a fetus... |
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Definition
| There are no CONGENITAL effects, it is not teratogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| tending to produce congenital anomalies. |
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Term
| what are the ill effects of a diabetic mom to her fetus? |
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Definition
| elevated glucose levels, esp. in the first trimester, are a cause of teratogenesis in infants of diabetic moms. |
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Term
| Is ketoacidosis teratogenic |
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Definition
| No. dangerous for mom and baby but not teratogenic. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| is elevated maternal gucagon teratogenic? |
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Definition
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Term
| abatement of vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions, a closed cervix, and uterus smaller than expected for date of LMP. |
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Definition
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Term
| vaginal bleeding, cramping, cervical dilation and passage of products of conception. |
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Definition
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Term
| abatement of vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions, a closed cervix, and uterus smaller than expected for date of LMP. |
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Definition
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Term
| painless bleeding before the 20th week of pregnancy and a closed cervix. |
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Definition
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Term
| vaginal bleeding and crampy lower abdominal pain. cervix may be dilated. |
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Definition
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Term
| describe nulliparous cervix |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| milky breast d/c, nml menses. |
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Definition
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Term
| type of breast d/c with OCP |
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Definition
- clear, serous or milky.
- More commonly, multiple ducts but can be from a single duct
- increased d/c before menstruation and disappears when the med is stopped. |
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Term
which of the following can cause galactorrhea?
- OCP
- tetracyclilne
- loratadine
- propanolol |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tests to confirm menopause and values |
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Definition
FSH and estradiol levels
- FSH above 10 to 12 mlu/ml indicate ovarian failure.
- FSH 30 to 40 or above, signal menopause or ovarian failure.
- Estradiol levels about 30 or below, with a high FSH level, is considered menopausal. |
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Term
| FSH = 12, still menstruating, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and sleep difficulties. |
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Definition
| Estradiol levels are lower than 50 picograms per milliliter. |
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Term
| test for any postmenopausal bleeding. why? |
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Definition
| endometrial bx to R/O endometrial CA |
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Term
| 4 cm, cystic, unilateral adnexal mass in a 22 yo woman. |
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Definition
| benign functional ovarian cyst |
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Term
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Definition
hydro - a collection of watery fluid in a uterine tube, occurring as the end stage of pyosalpinx.
pyo - a collection of pu fluid in a uterine tube (tubo-ovarian abscess) |
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Term
| 6 cm, cystic, mobile, tender adnexal mass in 56 yo woman |
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Definition
| hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess, or ectopic pregnancy. |
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Term
| NML size, palpable, fixed, solid ovary, 68 yo woman |
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Definition
| possible ovarian neoplasm. |
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Term
| How should a postmenopausal woman's ovaries feel? |
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Definition
| They shouldn't be felt at all! If they are, esp. firm ones, suspect neoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
- a benign teratoma of the ovary, usually found in young women, presumably derived from the ectodermal differentiation.
- FYI
(teratoma - type of germ cell tumor derived from pluripotent cells and made up of elements of different types of tissue from one or more of the three germ cell layers.) |
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Term
| bleeding without dilation before 20 weeks of gestation |
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Definition
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Term
| 23 yo @ 36 wks, constant, slow vag d/c x 6hrs. No contractions. vag fluid is nitrazine and fern positive. |
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Definition
| Premature rupture of membranes |
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Term
| 5cm smooth, mobile, nontender mass in a 17 yo. |
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Definition
| benign ovarian cyst such as a dermoid cyst. |
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Term
| tests to verify amniotic fluid |
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Definition
nitrazine paper (yellow to blue)
and fern test. |
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Term
| when does a premature rupture of membranes occur in pregnancy? |
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Definition
- most commonly near-term.
- causes a gush or slow leak. |
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Term
| what is widening of the os called and what does in increase the risk for? |
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Definition
- Cervical incompetence
- increases the risk for premature rupture of membranes. |
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Term
classic triad of ectopic pregnancy
- plus one other risk factor. |
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Definition
- delayed menses, vaginal bleeding and pain.
- hx of pelvic infection increase the risk for an ectopic pregnancy. |
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Term
excess amount of amniotic fluid.
(name, test for it, and risk of) |
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Definition
hydramnios (polyhydramnios)
- confirmed by US
- can cause premature rupture of membranes and premature labor. |
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Term
| female indication and MOA of bromocriptine |
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Definition
Pre-menstrual mastalgia
- Mechanism Of Action: stimulates dopamine receptors, inhibits anterior pituitary prolactin secretion (dopamine agonist) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tx premenstrual anxiety and irritability (1st and 2nd line tx) |
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Definition
First diet mod. and vit supp.
Second: SSRIs are effective in 60% of patients and have minimal SE. |
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Term
| role of OCP in premenstrual anxiety |
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Definition
| None, there is no difference in the prevalence in either group. |
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Term
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Definition
| - a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and/or proteinuria; when convulsions and coma are associated, it is called eclampsia. |
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Term
| pregnancy with HTN, edema, and/or proteinuria |
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Definition
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Term
rx of choice and route for eclampsia
(name 2nd choice and why you would give it.) |
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Definition
Magnesium sulfate IV (rx of choice)
Phenytoin when Mg is risky such as mom with myathenia gravis. |
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Term
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Definition
| - convulsions occurring in a pregnant or puerperal woman, associated with preeclampsia, i.e., with hypertension, proteinuria, or edema. |
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Term
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Definition
| - the period from the end of the third stage of labor until involution of the uterus is complete, usually lasting 3 to 6 weeks. |
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Term
Why not give diazepam for eclampsia?
Morphine? |
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Definition
- Diazepam causes resp depression, hypotonia, and poor feeding in the newborn.
- Morphine causes resp depression in mom and baby. |
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Term
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Definition
| inj. ceftriaxone, doxy and metronidazole. |
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Term
| admission criteria for PID |
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Definition
- failure to respond to outpt tx
- inable to tol. outpt tx (N/V, etc)
- fever > 102.2F (39.0C)
- guarding or rebound tenderness in lower quadrants.
- Pt looks "toxic" |
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Term
| What women should have PAPs every 3 months? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who says annual PAP smears? |
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Definition
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |
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Term
| If a woman is in a monogamous relationship and has no risk factors for cervical CA, why are 12 month PAPs still recommended versus 18-36 momnths? |
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Definition
| Occasional fast growing cervical cancer |
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Term
| tocolysis as in tocolytic rx |
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Definition
| - inhibition of uterine contractions. |
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Term
- placenta previa
- placenta previa centralis
- placenta previa marginalis
- placenta previa partialis |
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Definition
- a placenta which develops in the lower uterine segment, in the zone of dilatation, so that it covers or adjoins the internal os.
- placenta previa centralis - central placenta previa; one in which the placenta entirely covers the internal os
- placenta previa marginalis - marginal placenta previa; one in which the placenta is just palpable at the margin of the os
- placenta previa partialis - partial placenta previa; one in which the internal os is partially covered; called also incomplete placenta previa. |
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Term
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Definition
| painless hemorrhage in the last trimester, particularly during the eighth month, is the most common symptom. |
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Term
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Definition
- Goal is to preserve lung fx to maturity. (~36 weeks)
- bedrest
- avoid vagnal penetration
- report any changes
- may use tocolytics to prolong labor until 36 weeks.
- @ birth, weigh risk of hemorrhage risk vs fetal maturity. |
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Term
| what preganancy bleeding needs to be reported? |
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Definition
| All second and thrid-trimester bleeding! |
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Term
| firm, irreg shaped, nontender, enlarged uterus |
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Definition
| uterine fibroid or leiomyoma |
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Term
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Definition
- a benign tumor derived from smooth muscle, most commonly of the uterus;
- AKA: fibroid and fibroid tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| a benign condition characterized by endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium, accompanied by hypertrophy of the myometrium. |
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Term
| Slightly softened, tender, diffusely globular uterine enlargement. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder, usually through the vaginal wall.
- AKA: vesicocele. [image] |
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Term
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Definition
| hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina
AKA: proctocele.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| - a hernia containing intestine
- posterior vaginal hernia[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| the entrance to a cavity or space. |
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Term
| lower abd pulling, low back ache, Valsalva causes cervix to descend into vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| frequent cause of cystocele |
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Definition
| trauma of parturition (childbirth) |
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Term
| vaginal pressure, urinary incontinence. Aggravated by vigorous activity, prolonged standing, coughing, sneezing or straining. |
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Definition
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Term
| difficult evacuation of feces. located on the posterior vaginal wall. |
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Definition
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Term
| GI sx, no pelvic exam abmormalities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is produced by |
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Definition
| - the liver and yolk sac of a fetus. |
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Term
| fx of alpha-fetoprotein in adults |
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Definition
| AFP has no normal function in adults. |
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Term
| The alpha fetoprotein test (AFP) is a blood test performed to |
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Definition
| - measure, diagnose, or monitor fetal distress or fetal abnormalities. It can also detect some liver disorders and some cancers in adults. |
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Term
| - examination of amniotic fluid is called ________ and can help detect |
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Definition
(amniocentesis)
- fetal spinal bifida or other defects of the fetus' neural tube. |
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Term
- In the knocked up woman, a UA should be obtained (when)?
- What should be tested in the UA? |
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Definition
...at each prenatal visit.
- glucosuria, ketonuria, proteinuria, bacteria, WBCs |
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Term
| - In the knocked up woman, alpha-fetoprotein should be performed between ___ and ___ wks. |
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Definition
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Term
| - In the knocked up woman, US should be performed between ____ and ____ wks. |
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Definition
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Term
| - In the knocked up woman, a glucose screening for gestational diabetes should be obtained between __ and __ wks. |
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Definition
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Term
| How often are first trimester appointments? |
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Definition
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Term
At what maternal age does the risk of congenital abnormalities increase?
What the hell is a PA supposed to do? |
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Definition
35 yo
- refer for genetic counseling |
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Term
| Most common presenting sign of breast cancer...other signs of malignancy. |
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Definition
- Most common...palpable mass.
- Others: firm, irregular mass, skin dimpling, nipple retraction, bloody nipple discharge. |
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Term
| milky nipple d/c in non-lactating breast. |
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Definition
| endocrine disorder (pituitary release of prolactin) |
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Term
| size flucuating uni- or bilateral breast masses |
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Definition
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Term
| tender erythematous breast |
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Definition
| breast infection or abscess. |
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Term
| when does pre-eclampsia primarily occur? |
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Definition
| after the 20th gestational week and frequently near term. |
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Term
| HTN after midpregnancy or in the first 24 hours post partum w/o signs of preeclampsia or pre-existing HTN. |
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Definition
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Term
- HTN before conception
or
- before 20th week of gestation
or
- persists for more that 6 wks post partum |
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Definition
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Term
| sz secondary pre-eclampsia - what med? |
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Definition
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Term
PAP = carcinoma in situ
confirmation test of choice?
why? |
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Definition
colposcopy with bx
visualize the extent of the carcinoma |
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Term
a tissue test for early squamous cell cervical cancer.
(what should it not replace?)
(What is tested?) |
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Definition
- Schiller's test
- Should not replace colposcopy.
- treating the cervical tissue with a solution. If the cervix is healthy, the surface turns brown; if there is cancer, the treated area turns white or yellow. |
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Term
| Ca-125 a tumor marker for...and not for.... |
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Definition
| Ca-125 is present in OVARIAN, not cervical cancer. |
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Term
| Why do a dark field microscopy? |
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Definition
| For syphilis, a treponemal infection. |
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Term
57 yo, slight bloddy d/c intermittently for 3 months. First bleeding since menopause. ulcerated lesion in vagina.
- Suspect?
- test needed? |
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Definition
- vaginal cancer
- lesion biopsy |
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Term
| Complete vaginal CA work-up needs... |
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Definition
| vaginal lesion, cervical and endometrial bx |
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Term
- gram ____ ____ appear in UTIs.
- abx of choice in third trimester? |
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Definition
- negative rods (E. coli)
- ampicillin or a cephalosporin |
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Term
| causes potential of stained teeth and bones in pregnancy and childhood. |
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Definition
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Term
| abx that may cause hyperbilirubinemia in infants. |
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Definition
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Term
| abx that may induce hemolytic anemia in the newborn |
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Definition
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Term
mild lower quadrant fullness, (-) preg test, no associated sx, 4 cm ovarian mass.
What is it and what is the next step?
When do I care? |
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Definition
- ovarian follicle cyst
- get ultrasound to verify simple cyst.
- < 6 cm is not worrisome and usually resolve with next menses.
- repeat pelvic exam in 6-8 weeks. |
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Term
| When would a laprotomy be performed for ovarian masses? |
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Definition
- painful masses
- solid masses
- > 6 cm
- some masses in postmenopausal women |
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Term
| How do you feel about transvaginal sonography with directed fine-needle aspiration in tx of ovarian cysts? |
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Definition
| Currently under investigation. Maybe an option but < 4cm, observe. |
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Term
| Suspect _____ with any bleeding in postmenopausal women. |
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Definition
| endometrial cancer - get an endometrial bx |
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