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Reproductive
Chapter 23 and 24
82
Nursing
Graduate
04/23/2012

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Cards

Term
What can cause menstrual irregularity?
Definition
Anovulatory cycles
Tumors
Polyps
Cysts
Term
What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
Definition
Heavy or irregular bleeding without disease
Term
True or False: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can occur during perimenopause
Definition
True
Term
What is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women?
Definition
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Term
What are characteristics of PCOS?
Definition
-Anovulation
-Elevated testosterone levels
-Dysfunctional bleeding
Term
What is PCOS associated with?
Definition
Hyperinsulinemia
Term
True or False: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can involve any organ of the reproductive tract
Definition
True
Term
What is inflammation of fallopian tube?
Definition
Salpingitis
Term
What is inflammation of ovaries?
Definition
Oophoritis
Term
How to STD's cause PID?
Definition
Migrate from vagina to upper genital tract
Term
What is inflammation of vagina?
Definition
Vaginitis
Term
What causes vaginitis?
Definition
STD
Candida albicans
Term
What is inflammation of cerix
Definition
Cervicitis
Term
What causes cervicitis?
Definition
STD
Term
When do benign ovarian cysts frequently occur?
Definition
During reproductive years
Term
True or False: Benign Ovarian Cysts are usually bilateral?
Definition
False (unilateral)
Term
How do benign ovarian cysts form?
Definition
one or more follicles are stimulated but no dominant follicle develops and reaches maturity
Term
Different types of benign ovarian cysts?
Definition
Follicular cysts
Corpus luteum cysts
Dermoid cysts
Term
What is another term for uterine fibroids?
Definition
leiomyomas
Term
What types of tumors are leiomyomas?
Definition
Benign tumors
Term
Where do leiomyomas occur?
Definition
Myometrium
Term
What do leiomyomas cause?
Definition
Abnormal bleeding
Pain
Symptoms related to pressure on nearby structures
Term
Endometriosis is a presence of?
Definition
Functioning endometrial tissue or implants outside the uterus
Term
What test do you perform to look for cervical cancer?
Definition
Pap smear
Term
What STD commonly causes cervical cancer?
Definition
HPV (usually asymptomatic)
Term
What is an enlargement of the prostate gland?
Definition
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Term
What are symptoms of BPH associated with?
Definition
Urethral compression
Term
What are symptoms of BPH?
Definition
Urge to urinate often
Delay in start of urination
Decreased force of stream
Term
How do you diagnose BPH?
Definition
Digital rectal exams
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring
Term
What is the most common male cancer in US?
Definition
Prostate cancer
Term
Symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to?
Definition
BPH
Term
What are common causes of prostate cancer?
Definition
Dietary factors
Hormones
Vasectomy
Familial factors – genetic predisposition
Term
True or False: Prostate cancer is asymptomatic until advanced stages?
Definition
True
Term
What type of carcinomas are prostate neoplasms?
Definition
Adenocarcinoma
Term
What type of infection is gonorrhea?
Definition
Bacterial (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Term
What does transmission of gonorrhea usually require?
Definition
Contact of epithelial surfaces
Term
True or False: Gonorrhea does not cross amniotic membranes?
Definition
False (it will cross)
Term
Who are the only natural hosts of gonorrhea?
Definition
Humans
Term
How does gonorrhea spread?
Definition
Microorganisms attach to epithelial cells of mucous membranes
Term
What are common sites of gonorrhea?
Definition
Endocervical canal - inner portion of the cervix
Urethra
Skene and/or Bartholin glands
Oral (pharynx)
Term
Syphilis are what types of infection?
Definition
Bacterial (Treponema pallidum)
Term
What shape is syphilis organism?
Definition
Corkscrew
Term
True or False: Syphilis is an anaerobic bacteria?
Definition
True
Term
What body tissue can syphilis infect?
Definition
Any body tissue
Term
What kind of disease does syphilis become shortly after infection?
Definition
Systemic disease
Term
How early can maternal-fetal transmission occur?
Definition
Early as 9 wk gestation
Term
What type of manifestations are in primary syphilis?
Definition
Local
Term
What happens in primary syphilis?
Definition
-Granulomatous tissue reaction—hard chance
-Microorganisms drain with the lymphatic fluid
Term
What type of manifestations are in secondary syphilis?
Definition
Systemic
Term
What are clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis?
Definition
Fever, malaise, sore throat, hoarseness, anorexia, joint pain, skin rash, and lesions
Term
What is latent syphilis?
Definition
Medical evidence of the infection, but patient is asymptomatic
Term
What is tertiary syphilis?
Definition
Most severe stage
-Destructive skin, bone, and soft tissue lesions
-Neurosyphilis
Term
What is most common STD?
Definition
Chlamydia
Term
What is chlamydia caused by?
Definition
Bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis)
Term
What type of growth cycle is in chlamydia?
Definition
2 part growth cycle
Term
What are the 2 parts of growth cycle in chlamydia?
Definition
Elementary body
Metabolically active parasite
Term
What is an elementary body in chlamydia?
Definition
small, resilient, metabolically inert, with ability to survive extracellularly
Term
What is lymphogranuloma venereum?
Definition
Chronic STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Term
What is the progression of lymphogranuloma venereum?
Definition
Begins as a skin lesion
-Spreads to genital and rectal lymphatic tissue
-Inflammation, necrosis, abscesses, and infections
Term
What can lymphogranuloma venereum spread to?
Definition
CNS
Term
What are the 2 types of herpes?
Definition
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2
Term
How is herpes transmitted?
Definition
through contact with person shedding the virus in a secretion or a peripheral lesion or mucosal surface
Term
What type of herpes virus is genital herpes?
Definition
Herpes simplex virus - 2
Term
How does herpes spread through body?
Definition
-Initial virus replication occurs locally
-Spreads to contiguous cells and into sensory nerves
-Virus is transported to the dorsal root
Term
Herpes virus will lie dormant until what?
Definition
It is reactivated
Term
Where does oral herpes infection reside?
Definition
Trigeminal ganglion
Term
Where does genital herpes infection reside?
Definition
Dorsal sacral nerve roots
Term
What types of cells are affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium
Term
How are HPV categorized?
Definition
High-risk and low-risk stereotypes for cervical cancer
Term
What is another name for condylomata acuminata?
Definition
Genital warts
Term
What is treatment for HPV?
Definition
Considered cosmetic
Not curative
Term
What type of infection is trichomoniasis?
Definition
Parasitic infection (T. vaginalis)
Term
What happens in trichomoniasis?
Definition
Adheres and damages squamous epithelial cells
Term
What parts of body will trichomoniasis affect?
Definition
Urethra, vagina, Skene and Bartholin glands
Term
What does trichomoniasis cause?
Definition
Infectious vaginitis
Term
What does trichomoniasis often coexist with?
Definition
Gonorrhea
Term
How do you confirm presence of trichomoniasis?
Definition
Microscopic examination fo vaginal secretions or urine
Term
What is scabies?
Definition
Adult female itch mite (sarcoptes scabiei
Term
What is classic symptom of scabies?
Definition
Intense pruritus
Term
What is another term for pediculosis pubis?
Definition
Crabs (pubic lice)
Term
How is pediculosis pubis spread?
Definition
Sexual contact
Contact with infected bed linenes or clothing
Term
What are symptoms of crabs?
Definition
Mild to severe itching, allergic sensitization, and secondary infections from scratching
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