Term
| List and describe the four parts of interphase. |
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Definition
| G1 - Initiation of interphase. S - DNA synthesis. G2 - The cell prepares to divide by growing and synthesizing proteins. M - mitosis takes place. |
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Term
| What are the five stages of mitosis? |
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Definition
| Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis. |
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Term
| What takes place in prophase? |
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Definition
| The chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane dissolves |
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Term
| What takes place in metaphase? |
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Definition
| Spindle fibres latch onto either side of a chromosome. |
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Term
| What happens in Anaphase? |
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Definition
| The spindle fibres pull the chromosomes apart so that one sister chromatid goes to each side of the cell. |
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Term
| What happens in Telophase and Cytokinesis? |
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Definition
| The cell begins to form a barrier in the centre, the cytoplasm is doubled and a nucleus surrounds the sets of chromosomes on each side of the cell, eventually resulting in two cells with equal amounts of chromosomes. |
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Term
| What are some important differences between mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| Meiosis occurs in two parts and involves homologous chromosomes. The resulting gametes also only have 23 chromosomes. |
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Term
| Where are sperm produced? |
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Definition
| In the seminiferous tubules. |
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Term
| List the parts of a single sperm cell and their characteristics. |
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Definition
| The tail is a flagellum. The mid-section contains many mitochondria to power the flagella. The head contains the nucleus, and is covered by the acrosome, which is designed to penetrate the outer membrane of oocytes. |
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Term
| What are the two layers of the egg that the sperm must penetrate called? |
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Definition
| Inner layer: zona pellucida; Outer layer: corona radiata |
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Term
| What are the functions of estrogen? |
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Definition
| It is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics, sex drive, and thickening of the endometrium. |
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Term
| What are the functions of progesterone? |
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Definition
| It stimulates the development and maintenance of the endometrial wall. |
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