Term
| in females where is inhibin secreted from and what stimulates it? |
|
Definition
| FSH stimulates the Granulosa cell in the ovarian follicles |
|
|
Term
| when does inhibin A reach its peaks? |
|
Definition
| in the early/ mid follicular phase and again at ovulation |
|
|
Term
| when does inhibin B reach its peaks? |
|
Definition
| durring the mid-luteal phase |
|
|
Term
| how many egges does a female have at age 37? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the importance of the medulla |
|
Definition
| contains nerves and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| what does the cortex of the overy do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- "finger like
- recieves eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -muscular structure that protects the uterus and guards entrance to it |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 main hormons in females? |
|
Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
|
|
Term
| how many sperm get past the cervix into the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the development pathway of an oocyte during the follicular phase? |
|
Definition
1) primordial follicle - follicle surronded by granulosa cells
2) developing follicle - granulosa form more layers around follicle
3) pre antral follicle - theca interna surrounds the granulosa cells, and estrogen begins to be secreted
4) graffian follicle - antrum forms(fluid filled structure), theca externa forms and comulus oophorus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suporting cells that hold structure together, becasue the structure is so large it needs them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
changes associated with mid cycle release of estrogen
- can be behavior change, or physical change
- |
|
|
Term
| how long is the follicular phase and what hormone is associated with it? |
|
Definition
from day 5 to day 14
-estrogen production is increased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
once the follicle is ovulated this is left behind
- theca interna migrate inside cell and from paraluteal cells
- produces progestserone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stratum basilis
-stratum functionilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- builds up and breaks down during menstruation
-contains spiral artery > cork screw arteries and glands develop and break down during every cycle of menstruation
-develops 15 days in cycle |
|
|
Term
| vaginal secretion timeline |
|
Definition
day 4 - crystaline
day 10 - production of estrogen in high volume from secretion
day 14 - approach menstration about to ovulate . very thin watery secretion
-allows sperm to enter during ovulation |
|
|
Term
| how is body temperature indicative of ovulation? |
|
Definition
-shortly after ovulation body temp drops
- then raises 1/2 - 1 degree if pregnacy occurs higher body temp is maintained |
|
|
Term
| why is progerterone needed for pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the corpus luteum degenerate? |
|
Definition
| progesterone is converted to pregnadiol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Human choronic gonadotropin
- peptide hormone produced by the implanted embryo
- pervents the destruction of the corpus leuteum
- maintains progesterone production |
|
|
Term
| what does FSH do during menstration? |
|
Definition
| it initiates follicular growth > affecting granulosa cells |
|
|
Term
| how long is LH needed for mataining luteal function |
|
Definition
| 2 weeks unless pregnacy, then HCG takes over and mantains luteal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stimulats growth of immature gradfian fillicles
-- as follicle grows releases inhibin which shuts off production of FSH
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-initiate formation of new layer of endometrium
-stimupate crypts in cervix to produce fertile cervical mucus |
|
|
Term
| where does fertilization occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 phases of the menstral cycle? |
|
Definition
1) menstral phase 1-4
2) follicular pahse 5-13
3) ovulation 14
4) luteal phase 15-26
5) ischemic phase 27-28 |
|
|
Term
| what are the differences between western woman and desert woman? |
|
Definition
-primative woman experianced 1/10 the cycles
Western Woman
-earlier menarche
- stretch in roporduction life span
- same anaugular cycle
-3-400cycles
-28 day cycle
Desert woman
-30-40 cycles in their whole life
-menarche around 16
-menapause at 45
-naturally begins to menstruate
-gets pregnant very fast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| massive release of estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ovulation is determined by pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) endomeriosis - the lining and endometrium is found on the outside of the uterus. it builds up on the abdominal cavity
2) uterine fibroid - very painful swelling of the uterus
3) endometrial carcinoma - cancer caused by estrogen
4) ovarian cancer - # of cycles cause it
5) breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| if a woman has her first child young, she has a less likley chance to developing breast cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many cabons do all estrogens have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of estradiol during the follicular phase? |
|
Definition
1)maintenance and developemnt of 2-sex organs
2)maintenance and developemnt of 2-sex characteristics (softer skin, breast development and growth, higher voice, and fat deposit around hips)
3)travels to the follicles to help stimulate oogenesis
4)inhibits the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary
5) stimulates proliferative phase of the endometrium in the uterus
6) causes the cervical mucus to become copius, watery ans hospitable to sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) rais body temp 1 degree
2) inhibits LH > no ovulation
3) stimulates secretory phase of endometrium
4) causescervical mucus to be come thick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aeromatize androgens with the stimulation of FSH |
|
|
Term
| what hormone is the precursor to all steroid hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what converts delta-5-pregnenolone to progesterone in the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what converts 17A-OH-pregnenolone to 17A-OH-progesterone in the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what converts dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione in the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what dictates which biosynthesis pathway taken? |
|
Definition
| the enzyme that acts first |
|
|
Term
| what is the delta 5 bio pathway? |
|
Definition
| Acetate -> cholesterol -(cleaved by mitochondria)-> Delta-5-pregnenolone -(17A-hydroxylase)-> 17A-OH-pregnenolone -(C17-C20 lyase)-> dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) |
|
|
Term
| what is the delta 4 bio pathway? |
|
Definition
| Acetate -> cholesterol -(cleaved by mitochondria)-> Delta-5-pregnenolone -(3B-HSB)-> progesterone -(17A-hydroxylase)-> 17A-OH-progesterone -(C17-C20-lyase)-> Androstenedione (-(17B-HSD)-> testosterone) or -(aromatase)-> 19-OH-Androstenedione -(aromatase)-> 19-O-Androstenedione -(aromatase)-> oestrone -(17B-HSD)-> oestradiol-17B(estrogen) |
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