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| Male Reproductive System produces (2) |
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Definition
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Definition
1. Located outside body in scrotum
A. Must be 1-2ºC cooler than body
to produce sperm
2. Form inside body and drop during last month before birth
3. Produce testosterone
Produce sperm |
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| Picture of Male Reproductive System |
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Definition
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Definition
300-600 small, coiled tubes that make up testis
Immature sperm made here |
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Definition
Located on upper part testis
Sperm storage & maturation |
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Definition
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Term
| Seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral gland) & prostate gland |
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Definition
| Secrete fluids that nourish & protect sperm, called semen |
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Definition
carries sperm & urine through the penis & out of the body
Involuntary muscle contractions force semen out of body, called ejaculation |
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Term
| Female Reproductive System Produces (3) |
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Definition
1. Estrogen
2. progesterone
3. eggs |
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Definition
Located in the lower abdomen, ~4cm x 2 cm
Produce estrogen & progesterone
Produce eggs in follicles
~200,000, only ~400 mature |
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Definition
Located next to the ovary and leads to uterus
Egg enters after ovulation
Fertilization occurs here |
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Definition
Thick walled, pear-shaped, muscular organ
Fertilized eggs implant in wall
Expands during pregnancy as fetus grows |
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Definition
| 1-2 cm wide neck of the uterus |
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Definition
| Birth canal, connects cervix to outside of body |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 hormones control the Menstrual cycle |
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Definition
FSH & LH
estrogen
progesterone |
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| Picture of Menstrual Cycle |
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Definition
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Definition
Eggs & sperm have been produced, now what?
Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube
Sperm must break through the zona pellucida
Sperm & egg nuclei fuse and create zygote |
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Term
| Picture of Feritilization |
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Definition
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Definition
1. fertilized egg
2. Before implantation the zygote must go through cleavage |
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Definition
1. series of cells division occurring after fertilization
2. Mitosis
3. Cells don’t grow as they divide, they decrease in size until they becomes the size of adult somatic cells |
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Hollow sphere 1 cell thick
Fluid inside blastula is called the blastocoel |
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Definition
occurs when blastula is several hundred cells
Cells on one side move inward & two layered gastrula is formed
Opening created is the blastopore |
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Definition
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Layers develop
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Cavity within gastrula is the primitive gut
Becomes digestive system
will extend to create second opening (become mouth & anus) |
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Definition
occurs when embryo secretes enzyme to break down uterine lining & attach.
Marks beginning of pregnancy |
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| Structures surrounding the embryo as it develops - Chorion |
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1. Finger-like projections connecting to the uterine lining
2. Allows exchange of nutrients between fetus & mother
3. Blood from fetus & mother never mix
Barrier from many harmful substances in mother’s blood, however, some harmful substances can be passed through |
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Definition
| Rope-like structure that connects fetus to placenta |
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Definition
1. Innermost membrane containing amniotic fluid
2. Protects, absorbs shocks, provides stable environment |
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Definition
1. Cells become specialized
2. Changing of unspecialized cells into specialized tissues & organs |
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Term
| All cells have the same DNA, what makes them different? |
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Definition
1. Segments of DNA can be turned on or off to make each type of cell
2. Cells communicate with each other
3. Certain cells organize others & cause them to differentiate |
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Term
| stages of human development - picture |
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Definition
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Definition
length of pregnancy
Human = 9 months
Mouse = 20 days
Elephant = 21 months |
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Definition
1. Uterine muscles begin slow rhythmic contractions when baby is to be born, called labor
2. Cervix dilates from 1-2 cm to 11-12 cm
3. Contractions force baby into vagina and out head first
4. The amniotic membrane bursts, releasing amniotic fluid.
The fluid eases the baby’s passage through the birth canal. |
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Definition
Obtain eggs & sperm
Fertilization in lab dish
Zygote placed in uterus |
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Definition
Embryo implants somewhere other than uterus (oviduct or abdomen)
Usually ends in death of embryo
Can cause severe bleeding |
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Definition
| Development outside mother’s body |
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Definition
| Development inside mother’s body |
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Term
| Most aquatic animals have |
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Definition
| external fertilization and development. |
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Term
| Many terrestrial animals have internal fertilization and |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Amnion
- Contains amniotic fluid
- Protects from shock
Allantois
- Respiratory membrane
- Storage of nitrogen waste
Chorion
- Outermost membrane
- Aids in gas exchange
Yolk sac
- Contains food
- Blood vessels carry food
Shell
- protection |
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Term
| Internal Fertilization & Development |
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Definition
1. Sharks & some reptiles
2. Mammals
Development in uterus, nourished by mother
Mammary glands produce milk for
offspring
3. Placental Animals
Embryo is nourished through placenta
E.g. humans, dogs, monkeys, cats…
Protection before & after birth |
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Term
| Marsupials (pouched mammals) |
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Definition
Animal born very immature, crawls into mother’s pouch, attaches to mammary gland, finishes development
E.g. kangaroo, opossum |
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Term
| Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) |
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Definition
Mother lays eggs
Eggs hatch & babies are fed milk from mammary glands
E.g. spiny anteater and duckbill platypus |
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