Term
| How many bases does the human genome comprise of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how DNA is semiconservative? |
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Definition
| Original strands are preserved and serve as template |
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Term
| Meselon-Stahly experiment |
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Definition
| sedimentatio equilibr centrifugation using N15 and N15 isotolpe differentiations of the weight differences |
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Term
| Taylor-Woods-Hughes Experiment |
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Definition
| Using H3 thymidine, arrest the mitosis at metaphase and located radioactivity of sister chromatids |
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Term
| In Dna synthesis in bacteria what does DNA polymerase I0deficient mutant (polyA1) do? |
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Definition
| It is a deficient in DNA repair function |
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Term
| What does polymerase I, II, III do? |
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Definition
| They extend primers in 5' to 3', and have an 3' to 5' exonuclease. |
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Term
| What does polymerase I do? |
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Definition
| gap filling, RNA primer is removed and gap is filled |
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Term
| What does polymerase II do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Polymerase III do? |
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Definition
| main replication enzyme(holoenzyme=core + subunits |
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Term
| What are the subunits of polymerase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four steps in replicating DNA? |
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Definition
| Unwinding, DNA synthesis, Continuous synthesis. |
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Term
| What occurs during the unwinding of DNA? |
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Definition
| Helicase-unwinds DNA & SSBPs -->stabilizes the open conformation. |
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Term
| What occurs in unwinding in a circular molecule? |
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Definition
| The unwinding creates coiling tension in the circle |
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Term
| What occurs in DNA synthesis? |
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Definition
| primer present--> polyIII synthesizes DNA-->RNA primer synthesized by (RNA)primase-->PolIII extends nucleotide chains |
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Term
| What happens during Continuous and discontinuous DNA synthesis |
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Definition
Leading strand-dna synthesis occurs continuously
Lagging strand-->DNA strand synthesis occurs discontinuously(okazaki fragments) DNA synthesis occurs 5' to 3' |
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Term
| What happens in proofreading and Error correction |
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Definition
| PolyI & polyIII have 3'to 5' exonucleases that detect and excise the nucleotide & synthesis resumes |
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Term
| Explain the Replisome Model? |
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Definition
| Replisome(primosome(helicase&primase)DNA polyIII, |
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Term
| What are some of the genes involved in replication? |
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Definition
| conditional mutants which show deficiency of DNA replication |
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Term
| What happens during Eukaryoutic Dna synthesis? |
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Definition
| template, deoxynucleotide, primer, enzymes |
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Term
| What is the difference between Eukaryotic Dna and Prokaryotic? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic DNA is larger then prok. both have multiple origins of replication, |
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Term
| what is the one unit of replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin sequence in yeast called |
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Definition
| ARS. Autonomously replicating sequence. |
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Term
| How many replication origins exist in the yeast? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do they recognize ARS among many DNA sequences? |
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Definition
| They have ORC (origin reconginition complex). recognition of nuclear dna with histone proteins that form nucleosomes |
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Term
| What is Chromosome remodeling? |
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Definition
| afta DNA replic-->wound&wrapped |
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Term
| What does polymerase a, 8, and e do |
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Definition
| essential in nuclear DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes--> add short length nucleotides after rna primer, 8 does polymerase switiching(quickly synthesizing) |
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Term
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Definition
| They are involved in DNA repair. |
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Term
| What does polymerase E do? |
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Definition
| works only when there are copies of polymerses genes to conduct polymerase switiching(speed of synthesis) |
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Term
| What happens during replication of telomeres in Bacteria? |
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Definition
| Bacterial circular DNA and is continuous with a 3' OH present to adda nucleotide on after a RNA primer is removed. |
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Term
| What happend in eurk in replication of telomeres? |
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Definition
| DNA loop creation of TTGGGG repeats |
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Term
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Definition
| ribonucleoprotein 159bp RNA sequence AACCC, template-->its own synthesis TTGGGG. telomeric DNA conserved |
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Term
| What occurs during DNA recombination? |
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Definition
| Endonuclease nicks, strands invade(displace), branch migration, separation(through holiday structure) |
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Term
| What happens during gene conversion? |
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Definition
| base pairs that r mismatched btw 2 homologues are repaired (does not know what one was original-->may lead to mutant) |
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