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Renal
Pathology
53
Pathology
Graduate
01/17/2014

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Cards

Term
RBC casts casues
Definition
GN, ischemia or malignant HTN
Term
WBC cast causes
Definition
tubulointerstitla inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection
Term
granular casts causes
Definition
ATN
Term
waxy cast causes
Definition
advanced renal disease/CRF
Term
causes of nephritic syndrome
Definition
acute post strep GN, RPGN, verger's, alport
Term
can cause both nephritic and nephrotic
Definition
DPGN, MPGN
Term
causes of nephrotic
Definition
FSGS, membranous, minimal chane, amyloidosis, DM
Term
acute post-strep
- LM
- EM
- IF
Definition
- lumpy bumpy
- subepithelial humps
- granular IgG, IgM and C3
Term
signs of nephritic
Definition
hematuria and RBC casts, azotemia, oliguria, HTN, proteinuria <3.5
Term
RPGN
- LM and IF
- casues
Definition
- crescent mooth shap; fibrin and plasma protiens; linear
- goodpasture, wegener's microscopic polyangiitis
Term
goodpastures
Definition
type II HSR, Ab to GBM and alveolar BM
Term
DPGN
- uases
- LM
- EM
- IF
Definition
- SLE or MPGN
- wire looping
- sub endothelial and sometimes intramem IgG based IC
- granular
Term
Bergers
- LM
- EM
- IF
Definition
- mesangial
- mesangial IC
- IgA based IG in mesangium
Term
alport
Definition
type IV collagen mutation; nerve disorders, ocular disorders, deafness; X linked
Term
signs of nephrotic
Definition
proteinuria >3.5; hyperlipidemia, fatty casts, edema; with thromboembolism and inc risk of infection
Term
FSGS
- LM
- EM
- cuases
Definition
- segmental scerlosis and hyalinosis
- foot process effacement
- HIV, heroin, obesity, IFN tx, CKD
Term
membranous
- LM
- EM
- IF
Definition
- diffuse capillary and GBM thickning
- spike and dome appearance with sub epithelial deposits
- granular
Term
causes of membranous GN
Definition
drugs, infections, SLE, solid tumors
Term
minimal change disease
- LM
- EM
- loss
Definition
- normal
- foot process effacement
- loss of albumin
Term
responds to corticosteroids
Definition
minimal change
Term
congo red and apple green
Definition
amyloidosis
Term
type I MPGN
Definition
tram track 2/2 GBM splitting caused by mesangial ingrowth; with HBV and HCV, SLE, subacute endocarditis
Term
type II MPGN
Definition
dense deposits; with C3 nephritic factor
Term
DM glomerulonephropathy
- mechanism
- LM
Definition
- NEG of GBM -> inc permeability , thickening; NEG of efferent -> inc GFR -> mesangial expansion
- eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis
Term
causes of calcium stones
Definition
hypercalcemia; ethylene glycol (antifreeze) or vit C abuse
Term
cause of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones
Definition
urease poitive organism or readiolucent bugs = proteus, staph, and klebsiella
Term
staghorn calculi
Definition
ammonium mag phsophate
Term
radiolucent stone
Definition
uric acid
Term
tx of cystine renal stones
Definition
alkaliniztion of urine
Term
hydronephrosis
Definition
complete or partial urinary tract obstruction, causes dilation up to obstruction and in chronic cases parenchymal thinning
Term
metastasis of renal cell
Definition
lung and bone
Term
genetic syndrome with RCC
Definition
von Hippel-LIndau on chromosome 3
Term
paraneoplastic syndrome with RCC
Definition
EPO, ACTH, PTHrP, and prolactin
Term
WAGR complex
Definition
wilm's, aniridia, GU malformation, mental/motor retardation
Term
most common tumor or urinary tract
Definition
transitional cell CA
Term
causes of transitional cell CA
Definition
phenacetin, smoking, aniline dyes and cydlophsophamide
Term
acute pyelonephritis
Definition
fever, CVA tenderness, nausea and vomiting
Term
chronic pyelonephritix
Definition
thyroidization of kidneys; blunted calyx; whit cell casts in urine; vesicoureteral reflux
Term
signs of drug-induced interstitial nephritis
Definition
pyuria with eosinphils, azoemia 1-2 wks after diuretics, NSAIDs, penicillin, sulfonamides, rifampin
Term
diffuse cortical necrosis
Definition
acute generalized cortical infarction of both kidneys; combo of vasospasm and DIC
Term
ATN
- causes
- casts
- stages
Definition
- ischemia, crush injury, toxins
- granular "muddy brown casts"
- 1) inciting event, 2) maintenance phase = oliguric, 1-3 weeks, hyperkalemia ; 3) recovery phase = polyuric, BUN and Cr fall, hypokalemia
Term
causes of renal papillary necrosis
Definition
Dm, acute pyelonephritis, phenacetin use, sickle cell anemia and trait
Term
prerenal AKI
- causes
- urine osmolality
- urine Na
- FeNa
- serum BUN/Cr
Definition
- hypotension
- >500
- <10
- <1%
- >20
Term
renal AKI
- - causes
- urine osmolality
- urine Na
- FeNa
- serum BUN/Cr
Definition
- ischemia/toxins, acute GN
- <350
- >20
- >2%
- <15
Term
postrenal AKI
- causes
- urine osmolality
- urine Na
- FeNa
- serum BUN/Cr
Definition
- stones, BPH, neoplasia, congenital anomalies with BL
- <350
- >40
- >4%
- >15
Term
consequences of renal falure
Definition
Na/H2o retension (CHF pulmonary edema, HTN), hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, uremia, anemia, renal osteodystrophy, dyslipidemia, growth retardation and developmental delay
Term
uremia
Definition
Inc BUN/Cr; nausea and anorexia, pericarditis, asterixis, encephaloathy, platelet dysfunction
Term
renal osteodystrophy
Definition
failure or VitD hydroxylation; subperiosteal thinning of bones
Term
ADPKD
Definition
adulte; bilateral in paeryncyma; HTN, urinary infection , renal failure; polycystic liver disease, berry aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse
Term
ARPKD
Definition
infantile, hepatic fibrosis, can lead to potters; HTN, portal HTN and progressive renal insufficiency
Term
dialysis cysts
Definition
cortical and medullary cysts from dialysis
Term
simple cysts
Definition
benign; inciental; thin, nonenhancing cortical, fluid filled
Term
medullary cystic disease
Definition
fibrosis and progressive renal insufficiency with inability to concentrate urine; small kidney on US; 70% develop stones
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