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Renal
Physiology
75
Physiology
Graduate
01/17/2014

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Term
ATII fxn
Definition
affects baroreceptor fsn, limits reflex bradycardia
Term
ANP fxn
Definition
released from atria in response to inc volume; relaxes vascular smooth mm via cGMP, causing inc GFR, dec renin
Term
ADH fxn
Definition
regulates osmolarity, responds to low blood volume
Term
aldosterone fxn
Definition
regulates blood volume
Term
ATII MOA
Definition
- vascular smooth mm -> vasocontriction -> inc BP
- constricts efferent arteriole -> inc GFR
- stimulates aldost
- stimulates ADH
- inc prox tubule N/H -> H2O reabsorption
- stimulates hypothalamus -> thirst
Term
ADH MOA
Definition
inc H2O channel in principal cells
Term
aldosterone MOA
Definition
inc Na channel, Na/K pump into principal cells; enhances K and H excretion -> creates favorable Na gradient for Na and H2O resorption
Term
what stimulates renin release?
Definition
dec BP, dec Na, inc sympathetic (beta-1)
Term
relation of renal artery to vein
Definition
artery runs behind the vein
Term
ureter course
Definition
pass under uterine artery and under ductus deferens
Term
% body weight of total body water, ICF and ECF
Definition
60%, 40% and 20%
Term
separation of:
- total body water
- ECF
Definition
- 1/3 extracell and 2/3 intracell
- 1/4 plasma and 3/4 interstitial
Term
composition of glomerular filtration barrier
Definition
fenestrated capillary endothelium, fused basement membrane ,epithelial layer of podocyte foot processes
Term
what gives glomerular BM negative charge?
Definition
heparan sulfate
Term
renal clearance calculation
Definition
C = UxV/Px
Term
GFR equation
Definition
= Uinulin x V / Pinulin
= Kf [(Pgc - Pbs) (Pigc - Pi bs)]
Term
normal GFR
Definition
around 100
Term
ERPF equation
Definition
Upah x V / Ppah
Term
RBF calculation
Definition
RPF/(1-hct)
Term
filtration fraction equation
Definition
GFR/RPF; normally around 20%
Term
filtered load equation
Definition
GFR x plasma concentration
Term
arterioles:
- PG
- ATII
Definition
- afferent
- efferent
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- afferent arteriole constriction
Definition
- dec
- dec
- NC
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- efferent arteriole constriction
Definition
- dec
- inc
- inc
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- inc plasma protein concentration
Definition
- NC
- dec
- dec
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- dec plasma protein concentration
Definition
- NC
- inc
- inc
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- constriction of ureter
Definition
- NC
- dec
- dec
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- NSAIDS
Definition
- dec
- dec
- NC
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- ACEI
Definition
- inc
- dec
- dec
Term
glucose clearance
- threshold
- Tmax
Definition
- 160-200
- 350
Term
amino acid clearance
Definition
sodium dependent transporters in prox tubule reabsorb amino acids by at least 2 carriers
Term
hartnups
Definition
deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters -> pellagra
Term
fxn of proximal tubule
Definition
reabsorb almost all glucose nd AA, most of bicarb, chloride and water
Term
PTH action on proximal tubule
Definition
inhibits Na/phosphate cotransport -> phosphate excretion
Term
ATII action on proximal tubule
Definition
stimulates Na/H exchange -> inc Na and H2O reabsorption
Term
thin descending loop fxn
Definition
reabsorbs water via medullary hypertonicity; concentrating segment
Term
thick ascending limb fxn
Definition
acively reabsorbs Na, K and Cl and indirectly induces the paracellular reabsorption of Mg and Ca; impermeable to water;
Term
early distal tubule fxn
Definition
reabsorbs Na, Cl; diluting segment
Term
PTH fxn on DCT
Definition
inc Ca/Na exchange -> ca reabsorption
Term
collecting tubule fxn
Definition
reabsorb Na in exchange for sereting K and H
Term
substances with TF/P <1
Definition
glucose > AA > HCO3 > Pi
Term
substances with TF/P ~1
Definition
OSM, Na, K
Term
substances with TF/P > 1
Definition
cl < urea < inulin < Cr
Term
JGA fxn
Definition
macula densa senses Na; JG cells secrete renin in response to dec renal blood pressure, dec Na delivery to distal tubule and inc sympathetic tone (beta1)
Term
EPO secretion location
Definition
endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries
Term
1,25-OHD conversion location
Definition
proximal tubule via 1alpha-hydroxylase
Term
activation of 1alpha-hydroxylase
Definition
PTH
Term
PG secretion
Definition
paracrine secretion vasodilates afferent arterioles to Inc GFR
Term
ANP fxn on kidney
Definition
causes inc GFR and inc Na filtration with no compensatory Na reabsorption in distal nephron
Term
causes of hyperkalemia
Definition
insulin deficiency, beta-adrenergic antagonists, acidosis, hyperosmolarity, digitalis, cell lysis
Term
causes of hypokalemia
Definition
insulin, beta agonists, alkalosis, hypo-osmolarity
Term
symptoms of: low Na
Definition
disorientation, stupor, coma
Term
symptoms of: inc Na
Definition
irritability, delirium, coma
Term
symptoms of: dec Cl
Definition
2/2 metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypovolemia, inc aldosterone
Term
symptoms of: dec K
Definition
U waves on EKG, flat T waves, arrhythmia, paralysis
Term
symptoms of: inc K
Definition
peaked T waves, wide QRS, arrhythmias
Term
symptoms of: dec Ca
Definition
tetany, neuromuscular irritability
Term
symptoms of: inc Ca
Definition
delirium, renal stones, abdominal pain
Term
symptoms of: dec Mg
Definition
neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmias
Term
symptoms of: inc Mg
Definition
delirium, dec DTR, cardiopulmonary arrest
Term
symptoms of: dec phosphate
Definition
bone loss, osteomalacia
Term
symptoms of: high phosphate
Definition
real stones, metastatic calcifications
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- metabolic acidosis
Definition
- dec
- dec
- dec
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- metabolic alkalosis
Definition
- inc
- inc
- inc
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- respiratory acidosis
Definition
- dec
- inc
- inc
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- respiratory alkalosis
Definition
- inc
- dec
- dec
Term
Winter's forumla
Definition
Pco2 = 1.5 (HCO3) + 8 =/2 2
corrects for respiratory compensation in response to metabolic acidosis
Term
causes of:
respiratory acidosis
Definition
hypoventilation = airway obstruction, acute lung disease, chronic lung disease, opioids, narcotics, sedatives, weaking of respiratory mm
Term
causes of:
- anion gap acidosis
Definition
methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, phenformin, iron tablets, INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates
Term
causes of:
- normal gap acidosis
Definition
- hyperalimentation
- addisons
- renal tubular acidosis
- diarrhea
- acetazolamide
- spironolactone
- saline infusion
- glue sniffing
- hyperchloremia
Term
causes of:
- respiratory alkalosis
Definition
hyperventilation, ASA ingestion
Term
causes of: metabolic alkalosis
Definition
diuretic use, vomiting, antacid use, hyperaldosteronism, dehydration
Term
type I renal tubular acidosis
Definition
dffect in collecting tubules ability to excrete H; with hypokalemia and Ca kidney stones
Term
type II renal tubular acidosis
Definition
defect in proximal tubule HCO3 reabsorption; with hypokalemia and rickets
Term
type IV renal tubular acidosis
Definition
hypoaldosteronism or lack of CT response to aldosterone; with hyperkalemia and inhibition of ammonium excretion; dec urine pH b/c dec buffering capacity
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