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Renal System
Diuretics
15
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
03/24/2014

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Cards

Term
Glomerulus
Definition
About 20% of blood gets filtered here
Term
Nephron
Definition
About 80% of blood gets filtered here
Where all the action takes place
Term
Na+ reabsorption: proximal tubule
Definition
60-70%
This is where the more potent diuretics work
Term
Na+ reabsorption: ascending Loop of Henle
Definition
20-25%
Term
Na+ reabsorption: distal tubule
Definition
5-10%
Dependent on aldosterone
Term
Thiazides MOA:
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Hydrocholorthiazide (HydroDIURIL)
Chlorothalidone (Thalitone)
Definition
Decreases Na+, Cl-, & K+ reabsorption
May need to take K+ supplements while on these meds
Term
Loop MOA:
Furosemide (Lasix)
Definition
Decreases Na+ & Cl- reabsorption. High K+ loss as well
Must take K+ supplements while on these meds
Term
K+ sparing MOA:
Amiloride (Midamor)
Definition
Increases Na+ excretion; Increases K+ secretion
Hyperkalemia is worse than spironolactone
Term
K+ sparing MOA:
Spironolactone (Aldoctone)
Definition
Antagonist of aldosterone - must be metabolized
Used for hyperaldosteronism; may cause endocrine imbalances hirsutism, gynecomastia
Term
Osmotic MOA:
Mannitol (Resectisol)
Definition
Decreases Na+ & water reabsorption osmotically
Reserved for emergency - pt. never goes home with!!
Term
Thiazide HCTZ uses
Definition
*HTN, mild CHF, edema
Good PO everyday w/ am meals
Causes hypokalemia (K+ rich foods!), hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia; fluid loss may cause hypotension
*Increases toxic reactions to digoxin & lithium
Term
Loop diuretics uses
Definition
CHF, renal disease, HTN crisis
PO/IV use. If PO given everyday w/ am meals
Causes marked hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomanesemia
*Ototoxicity occur in furosemide (damages hair cells) - occurs esp. w/ IV use & rapid infusion
Term
K+ sparing uses
Definition
In combo w/ other diuretics (esp. thiazides)to treat HTN; added to contraceptives
Hyperkalemia! esp. if used alone
Term
Osmotic uses
Definition
Renal failure, increase drug excretion, decrease ICP or IOP, decrease nephrotox of cisplatin
Causes HA, NVD
Give only IV
May increase venous BP initially & could induce HF
Term
K+ supplements
Definition
K+ rich foods: citrus fruits, nuts, spinach, bananas, salt substitutes
K+ supplements may be given PO in sustained release form: K-Dur, Micro-K, Kaon, etc.
IV K+ may be used in emergency situations
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