Term
|
Definition
| Nonfunctional NaK2Cl --> HypoKalemia and alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Overfunctioning ENaC --> HypoK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sub-endothelial immune complex deposits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kimmelstein -Wilson Nodules |
|
Definition
| Dx of diabetic nephropathy (also look for fibrin cap, capsular drop) |
|
|
Term
| Nonbranching fibrils on EM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 diseases that cause linear pattern on IF |
|
Definition
| Anti-GMB disease (immune) + Diabetic Nephropathy (NON-immune) |
|
|
Term
| Laminated cast ringed by Macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrovascular core surrounded by urothelium |
|
Definition
| Papillary Carcinoma of bladder (most common type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated with tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Due to hypersensitivity/allergic Reactions --> see in acute interstitial Nephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Child who ate raw meat and got bloody diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 diseases that cause GMB Duplication (Tram-tracking) |
|
Definition
| Membranoproliferative GN (Immune) + chronic thromb. microangiopahty (NON-Immune) |
|
|
Term
| Leukocyte Esterase/ Nitrite + |
|
Definition
| Basically diagnosis of UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indicates chronic renal disease, due to dilated tubules |
|
|
Term
| Osmotic demyelination syndrome |
|
Definition
| Permanent neuro damage if plasma osmolality is corrected too quickly |
|
|
Term
| Only diuretic which increases Calcium reabsorption |
|
Definition
| Thiazides, thus used to treat renal stones |
|
|
Term
4+ blood w/ dipstick but no
RBCs in sediment |
|
Definition
| Either free Hgb (intravascular hemolysis) or free Mgb (rhabdomyolysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| V2 Receptor Antagonists which block ADH binding --> aquaresis |
|
|
Term
| Central DI vs. Nephrogenic DI |
|
Definition
Lack of ADH secretion (central)
vs.
Tubular unresponsiveness to ADH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spironolactone/Eplerenone (aldo antag)
Amiloride/Triampterene (- ENaC) |
|
|
Term
| Most common nephrotic Pathology in kids |
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease, diagnosed by foot process effacement on EM |
|
|
Term
| Platelet thrombi in glomerular capillaries |
|
Definition
| Indicates acute thrombolytic microangiopathy (due to HUS, TTP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 Diseases that cause low complement |
|
Definition
Post-strep GN
Membroproliferative GN,
SLE,
Endocarditis,
shunt nephritis,
cryoglobinemia |
|
|
Term
| Patient has DVT/PE, you think? |
|
Definition
| Nephrotic syndrome (lose anti-coag factors in urine --> hypercoagulative state) |
|
|
Term
| Patient easily bleeds/bruises, you think? |
|
Definition
| CRF (plately dysfunction --> hypocoag. state) or TTP (hallmark is thrombocytopenia) |
|
|
Term
| 4 main drugs causing Acute Interstitial Nephritis |
|
Definition
| Beta lactam abx, NSAIDs, Sulfonamides, Diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Cyst arising from collecting duct |
|
Definition
| Auto-RECESSIVE form of PKD via PKHD1 mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Auto-DOMINANT form of PKD, can arise from any part of nephron |
|
|
Term
| 2 tests you always do if suspecting ARF |
|
Definition
| Orthostatis (rule out Pre-renal) and pelvic/Rectal Exam (rule out obstruction) |
|
|
Term
| Leading cause of death in ARF |
|
Definition
| Infection!! Avoid Foleys! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when Uosm = Posm, kidney cannot concentrate urine, seen in CRF |
|
|
Term
| Absolute contraindications to renal transplant |
|
Definition
| Active infection, recent malignancy, hypercoag. state, poor surgical candidate |
|
|
Term
| Normal plasma Anion Gap, positive urine Anion Gap, Metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| RTA type 1 (inability to acidify urine, i.e. can't exrete NH4) |
|
|
Term
| Normal plasma Anion Gap, normal Urine Anion Gap, Metabolic Acidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated plasma Anion Gap, Metabolic Acidosis |
|
Definition
DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, ASA/methanol/ethylene glycol Intox
MUDPILES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complication of acute pyelonephritis due to obstruction + decreased blood flow |
|
|
Term
| Urine Cl < 20, Metabolic Alkalosis |
|
Definition
| Vomiting, stopped diurectis, post-hypercapnic, villous adenoma |
|
|
Term
| Urine Cl>20, Metabolic Alkalosis |
|
Definition
| Excess mineralocorticoids/Cushings, severee hypokalemia, milk-alkali syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Granulomatous disease (Sarcoid/TB) --> Hypercalcemia, how? |
|
Definition
| Stimulate 1-hydroxylase --> active Vit.D --> increase Calcium absorption/resorption |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic Acidosis due to mineral acids |
|
Definition
| ONLY kind of acidosis that --> Hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
| HypoKalemia with urinary K <25 |
|
Definition
| Indicates NON-renal loss (usually diarrhea) and vice versa |
|
|
Term
| HyperKalemia w/ urinary K <20 |
|
Definition
| Indicates RENAL defect, since inappropriately low |
|
|
Term
| Tented T-waves, widened QRS |
|
Definition
| Hyperkalemia, life-threatening at this point so get your Calcium Gluconate |
|
|
Term
| Only 2 things that remove K |
|
Definition
| Kayexalate and dialysis (other tx just shift) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Due to excess IG Light chains, associated with Multiple Myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Due to abnormal production of insoluable coplexes, associated with RA and TB |
|
|
Term
| Thrombotic microangiopathy |
|
Definition
| Endothelial dysfunction --> inability to inhibit platelet aggregation/coag, associated with HUS, TTP |
|
|
Term
| Biggest risk factor for bladder cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triphasic embryonal renal tumor seen in kids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indicates Prostate Cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indicates Benign Prosthetic Hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| Most common metastasis of Prostate Carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prolonged high trough concentration |
|
Definition
| Major risk factor for ATN via aminoglycosides, thus, high dose once daily |
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim/cimetidine MOA in pseudo renal failure |
|
Definition
| Inhibit Cr. Secretion by proximal tubule --> elevated Serum Cr. w/out change in BUN |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that increase Vd (decrease plasma protein bind) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that Increase Vd (increase tissue bind) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that decrease Vd (decrease tissue bind) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications for prostate biopsy |
|
Definition
| Abnormal DRE, PSA > 4, annual change PSA > 0.75 |
|
|
