Term
| Name the two primary functions of the kidney. |
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Definition
1. Regulate the volume of the body
2. Balance the water & salts and acids & bases |
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Term
| Name 3 things gluconeogenesis assist the kidneys with |
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Definition
1. Production of rennin (regulate blood pressure)
2. Production of erythropoietin
3. Activation of Vitamin D |
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Term
| The Urinary Bladder provides .... |
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Definition
| a temporary storage reservoir for urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| transports urine from kidney to the bladder |
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Term
| Urethra transports urine.... |
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Definition
| from the bladder out of the body |
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Term
| The kidneys lie in what typre of position in the superior lumbar region |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kindey is slightly lower than the other? |
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Definition
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Term
The lateral surface of the kidney is con___?
The medial surface if con___? |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal hilus leads to the |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous capsule that prevents kidney infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty mass that cushions the kidney and helps attach it to the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Outer layer of dense fibrous connective tisse that anchors the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| The nerve supply is via the |
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Definition
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Term
| How many nephrons are in each kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nephrons main function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Openings between the foot processses that allow filtrate to pass into the capsular space. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| The PCT are composed of what type of cells |
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Definition
| Cuboidal Cells and numerous microvilli and mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
1. Resbsorb water
2. Reabsorb solutes from filtrate
3. Secretes substances |
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Term
| The Loop of Henle thin segment is composed of? and thick segment is composed of? |
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Definition
thin - squamous cells
thick - cuboidal to columna cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| DCT are cuboidal cells without |
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Definition
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Term
| The main difference between PCT and DCT is |
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Definition
| DCT function more in SECRETION more than Reabsorption |
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Term
| What are the 2 important cells found near the DCT? |
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Definition
| Intercalated cells and Principle cells. |
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Term
- Cuboidal cells without microvilli
- Function in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body
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Definition
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Term
- Cuboidal cells without microvilli
- Help maintain the body's water & salt balance
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Definition
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Term
| 85% of nephrons are ______ nephrons and they are located in the _______? |
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Definition
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Term
| juxtamedullary nephrons are located in the? |
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Definition
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Term
| These nephrons are involved in the production of concentrated urine |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the capillary beds of the nephron |
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Definition
| Glomerulus and the Peritubular |
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Term
| Each glomerulus arteriole is fed by an ________ arteriole and drained by an _________ arteriole |
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Definition
| Afferent arteriole and Efferent Arteriole |
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Term
| Blood pressure of the glomerulus is high because? |
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Definition
| Arterioles are high-resistance vessels and they have larger diameters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Resistance in Afferent Arterioles protects |
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Definition
| glomeruli from fluctuations in systemic blood pressure |
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Term
| Resistance in Effernt Arterioles reinforces |
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Definition
| high glomerular pressure and reduces hydrostatic pressure in peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| A drop in filtration pressure stimulates Juxtaglomerular apparatus and releases |
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Definition
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Term
| The only blood supply to the medulla is |
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Definition
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Term
| Together the juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa cells form the |
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Definition
| juxtaglomerulus apparatus |
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Term
| When the bladder accumulates 250 - 300 ml of urine, the bladder contracts and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes through activation of the spinal reflex arc is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| the filtration of the plasma per unit of time is known as the |
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Definition
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Term
| what does GFR stands for? |
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Definition
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Term
| what does RBF stands for? |
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Definition
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Term
| The GFR is directly related to the |
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Definition
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Term
| If arterial pressur decreases and vascular resistance increases then, _______ falls |
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Definition
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Term
| The nephron can perform 4 functions simultaneously |
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Definition
- filters plasma at glomerulus
- reabsorbs and secretes substances
- forms a filtrate of protein free plamsa
- regulates the filtrate to maintain body fluid volume.
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Term
Reduction in GFR
1. Homeostasis
2. Homeostasis disturbed (decrease GFR)
3. Renin Release
4.
5. Elevation of blood pressure & volume
6. |
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Definition
4. Angiotensin activation
6. Homeostasis Restored (increases GFR) |
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Term
| What does sympathetic activation do? (3 things) |
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Definition
- Produce powerful vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
- Change regional pattern of blood flow
- stimulate the release of renin
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Term
| Active transport in the renal tubules can be limited as the carrier molecules become saturated, a phenomenon known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Active reabsorption of sodium is the primary function of the |
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Definition
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Term
| In tubular transport hydrogen ions are actively exchanged for |
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Definition
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Term
| the proximal tubule is lined with microvilli to |
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Definition
| increase the surface area and enhance reabsorption |
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Term
| the hairpin looh of Henle transport solutes and water, contributing to the __________ state of the medulla |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal Blood Flow is what % of the cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| the renin-angiotensin system is a ... |
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Definition
| regulatory of the renal blood flow |
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Term
the distal tubules actively Reabsorp _____ and Secrete _____ & _____
to regulate acid & base balance |
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Definition
Sodium
Potassium & hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| needed substances cannot be reabsorbed quickly enough and are lost in the urine |
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Term
| when everything is reabsorbed, including wastes that are normally disposed of the GFR is |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 intrinsic controls? |
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Definition
| Myogenic and flow-dependent tubuloglomerulare feedback |
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Term
| which intrinsic control responds to changes in pressure in the renal blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| which intrinsic control senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
| flow0dependent tubuloglomerular feedback |
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