Term
| Fate of Sodium: Location and % |
|
Definition
Proximal tubule: 65%
Loop of Henle: 20%
Distal Tubule: 10% |
|
|
Term
| Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Control |
|
Definition
SNS : fast, rapid acting
RAAS: slowly acting renal-hormone system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reabsorbed: Proximal Tubule
Secretion: Distal tubule
-depends on volume
-amount of Na reabsorbed
-aldosterone |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide diuretics: Diuretic effects |
|
Definition
a. distal tubule (early part)
b. inhibits Na re-absorption
c. risk of hypokalemia
d. inhibits uric acid secretion (minor)
e. hyperglycemia (minor) |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide diuretics: Side effects and Tx |
|
Definition
Side effects : GI, Veritgo, Allergies
Tx: essential HTN
Edema (mild-moderate), CHF
**Flat dose-response curve** |
|
|
Term
| Loop Diuretics: Diuretic effects |
|
Definition
-high capacity and rapid-in-onset**
-acts chiefly on loop of Henle
-blocks Na and Cl re-absorption
-risk of hypokalemia
-uric acid excretion inhibited
-risk of metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Loop Diuretics: Side Effects |
|
Definition
Realatively mild and infrequent:
-GI upset, allergic reactions, etc.
Rare: Hearing impairment, with other ototoxic agents (aminogylcoside) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pulmonary edema; CHF
-Edema (hepatic, cardiac, renal origin
-Uncontrollable HTN
- Hyperkalemia
-Acute Renal Failure
**Steep dose response curve** |
|
|
Term
| K-Sparing Diuretics: Spironlactone |
|
Definition
-comptetative inhib of aldosterone
-acts at distal tubule
-net effect: modest diuresis with little K loss
-**efficacy depends on aldosterone levels |
|
|
Term
| K-sparing diuretics: Triamterene |
|
Definition
| -direct inhibition of Na re-absorption and K secretion at distal tubules |
|
|
Term
| K-sparing diuretics: side effects |
|
Definition
Both types:
-Risk of hyperkalemia (esp. with K sup)
Spironolactone:
-androgen-like effects (gynecomastia; hirsutism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-In combo with K wasting diuretics
-secondary hyper-Aldosteronism |
|
|
Term
| Osmotic diuretics: Diuretic effects |
|
Definition
-undergo free golmerular filtration
-used mainly to prevent acute renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Osmotic diuretics: side effects |
|
Definition
-Headaches, nausea
-risky in heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-prophylaxis of renal failure
*increase urine volume
*increase in water
-reduction of intrcranial pressure; intraocular pressure |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Diuretic effects |
|
Definition
-facilitates generation of H+
-action is enhanced by alkalosis; reduced by acidosis
*eventually lead to state of metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -drowsiness, paresthesias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CAI use is limited as a diuretic
-Glaucoma; reduce formation of aqueous humor
-petit mal epilepsy
-Acute mountain sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -orofacial pain conditions |
|
|
