Term
| name 5 renal dzs that affect blood vessels |
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Definition
benign nephrosclerosis
malignant accelerated nephrosclerosis
renal artery stenosis
thrombotic microangiopathies
diabetic glomerularosclerosis |
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Term
| what is benign nephrosclerosis caused by? |
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Definition
-sclerosis of renal arterioles and arteries
-breaks in walls cause build up of hyaline deposits
-thickening of intima and media wall vessels causing narrowing of lumen |
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Term
| what is considered malignant hypertension? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the symptoms of malignant accelerated nephrosclerosis |
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Definition
headaches
nausea
vomiting
seeing spots
papilledema retinopathy
encephalopathy
renal failure
cardiovascular abnormalities |
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Term
| what is the vascular dz in malignant accelerated nephrosclerosis associated to? |
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Definition
| acute injury from chronic HTN |
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Term
| what is the pathology of malignant accelerated nephrosclerosis? |
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Definition
-increased permeability to fibrinogen and plasma proteins causes endothelial injury and platelet deposition
-leads to fibrinoid necrosis and swelling of intima + thrombosis
-leads to hyperplastic arteriosclerosis + narrow lumen |
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Term
| what system turns on in response to decreased glomeruli flow in malignant accelerated nephrosclerosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the changes in anatomy you see in malignant accelerated nephrosclerosis? |
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Definition
-petechiae on cortical surface of kidneys
-onion skinning -intimal thickening of smooth muscle cells and collagen |
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Term
| renal artery stenosis is a direct cause of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes renal artery stenosis? |
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Definition
| occlusion by arteheromatous plaque of fibromuscular dysplagia |
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Term
| how does hypertension effect the rest of the body?? |
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Definition
| cerebrovascular accidents, cardiac hypertrophy, aortic dissection, renal failure |
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Term
| what is Left stided hypertrophy caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does pulmonary hypertension cause? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is an aortic dissection? |
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Definition
| blood splays apart the laminar planes of the media to form a blood filled channel w/in the aortic wall |
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Term
| what is included in acute nephritic syndrome? |
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Definition
| hematuria, azotemia, proteinuria, oliouria, edema, HTN |
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Term
| what are 2 renal dzs displaying nephritic syndrome |
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Definition
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
systemic lupus erthematosus |
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Term
| what is include in nephrotic syndrome? |
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Definition
proteinuria >35gm
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria |
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Term
| what are two nephrotic renal dzs? |
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Definition
membranous glomerulopathy
minimal change dz |
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Term
| what are the histologic findings associated with glomerular dzs? |
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Definition
-hypercellularity
basement membrane thickeing
hyalinzation & sclerosis |
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Term
| what is hypercellularity? |
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Definition
| cell proliferation, leukocyte infilitration, crescent formation |
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Term
| what is the different between nephritic and nephrotic syndromes? |
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Definition
| MUCH MORE PROTEINURIA in NEPHROTIC |
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Term
| what are the 2 forms of glomerular dzs? |
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Definition
in situ complex deposition
circulating immune complex nephritis |
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Term
| which form of glomerular dzs have antibodies in blood attached to antigens in glomeruli |
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Definition
| in situ complex deposition |
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Term
| what are antibodies directed against in in situ complex deposition? |
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Definition
| antibodies are directed against antigens in the glomerulus and/or epithelial cells around the glomerulus |
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Term
| what form of glomeruluar dzs has Ag-Ab complexes getting trapped w/in the glomeruli resulting in injury? |
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Definition
| circulating immune complex nephritis |
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Term
| why does injury occur in circulating immune complex nephritis? |
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Definition
| inflammatory cells try to degrade the Ag-Ab complex |
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Term
| what is an example of endogenous origin of circulating immune complex nephritis? |
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Definition
SLE (systemic lupus erthemotosus)
hepatitis |
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Term
| what is an exogenous example of circulating immune complex nephritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| who does post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically occur? |
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Definition
| children after an infection |
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Term
| what is systemic lupus erthematosus? |
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Definition
| antinuclear Ab attack anything related to nucleic acids |
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Term
| what is treatment of SLE? |
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Definition
| chronic steroids to combat autoimmune rxn |
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Term
| is SLE nephritic or nephrotic? |
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Definition
| leads to nephritic syndrome |
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Term
| what is membranous glomerulopathy? |
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Definition
| -diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls and accumulation of electron dense large depositions along subepithelilum side of basement membrane |
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Term
| what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults? |
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Definition
| membranous glomerulopathy |
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|
Term
| what is minimal change dz? |
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Definition
| causes diffuses effacement of fast processes of epithelial cells in glomeruli and the cells become flat, thin, and lipids are filtered out of urine |
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Term
| what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you treat minimal change dz? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the difference between treatment of minimal change disease and membranous glomerulopathy? |
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Definition
| use steroids for minimal change dz but not for membranous glomerulopathy |
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Term
| what are the 5 types of dzs of tubules and interstitium? |
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Definition
acute tubular necrosis
tubulointerstitial nephritis
urotlithiasis
renal cystic dzs
renal tumors |
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Term
| what is the most common cause of renal failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is acute tubular necrosis? |
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Definition
| destruction of tubular epithelium and loss of renal fxn |
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Term
| what are the causes of acute tubular necrosis? |
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Definition
- ischemia leadings to vasoconstriction
-toxic injury |
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Term
| what is an example of tubulointerstitial nephritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two types of pyelonephritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is acute pyelonephritis? |
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Definition
| renal lesion w/ uti, neutrophil in tubules, tubular necrosis causing wedge shaped areas of supparation |
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Term
| what is chronic pyelonephritis? |
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Definition
| chronic inflammation and renal scarring and calyx no longer fxn |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the most common kind of kidney stones? |
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Definition
| calcium oxalate and phosphate |
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Term
| what are the benign renal tumors? |
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Definition
papillary adenoma
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma |
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Term
| what are the malignant renal tumors? |
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Definition
renal cell carcinoma
urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis
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Term
| what is the childhood renal tumor called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 congenital conditions and the gene associated with wilm's tumor? |
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Definition
WAGR syndrome-WT1 gene
Denys-Dash "- WT1 gene
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome-WT2 gene |
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