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Definition
| used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the body caused by certain cancer medications, and kidney stones It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body |
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Definition
| prevents absorption of phosphate. Has aluminum hydroxide |
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor-vasodilation and inhibition of some renal function activities. Used w/1) Hypertension 2) Cardiac conditions such as congestive heart failure and after myocardial infarction 3)Preservation of kidney function in diabetic nephropathy |
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Term
| Medication that has a side effect of erectile dysfunction. Used to treat benign prostate hypertrophy BPH. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alpha-adrenergic blocker. It relaxes your veins and arteries so that blood can more easily pass through them. It also relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate. |
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Definition
| synthetic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class.[2][3] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial. It kills bacteria by interfering with the enzymes that cause DNA to rewind after being copied, which stops synthesis of DNA and of protein. |
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Definition
| used to relieve urinary difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination. Tolterodine is in a class of medications called antimuscarinics. It works by preventing bladder contraction. |
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Definition
| in low doses, it is used to increase kidney perfusion |
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Definition
| aka Oxybutynin is used to control urgent, frequent, or uncontrolled urination in people who have overactive bladder |
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Definition
| In a class of medications called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). It works by causing the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Used to treat anemia. |
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic potassium wasting =helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt(fluid retention). Treats edema in people w/CHF, cirrhosis, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen. Used to treat high bp. |
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Definition
| aka(terazosin)- alpha-adrenergic blockers. It relaxes your veins and arteries so that blood can more easily pass through them. Relaxes muscles in the prostate & bladder neck, making it easier to urinate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat increased amounts of potassium in the body |
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Definition
| decreased serum phosphate by increasing calcium. Phosphate & calcium have inverse relationship to each other. |
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Definition
| take with meals so it can bind with phosphorus in the food and remove it from the system. |
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Definition
| relieves urinary tract pain, burning, irritation, and discomfort, as well as urgent and frequent urination caused by urinary tract infections, surgery, injury, or examination procedures. However, phenazopyridine is not an antibiotic; it does not cure infections |
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Definition
| Prevention or treatment of dermal necrosis and sloughing following intravenous administration or extravasation of norepinephrine or dopamine. |
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Term
| What helps in the absorption of calcium |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticholinergic used to decrease urinary frequency. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the group of drugs that help to prevent renal osteodystrophy? |
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Definition
| Phosphate binders. Phosphorus & calcium have an inverse relationship. If phosphorus is bound, calcium remains in bones. |
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Term
| What is renal osteodystrophy? |
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Definition
| A bone disease characterized by softening and fibrous degeneration of bone and the formation of cysts in bone tissue, caused by chronic renal failure. Phosphorus is high in these pts. |
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Definition
| decreases dihydrostestosterone which decreases prostate growth |
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic used to decrease urinary frequency |
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| What does PKD stand for and what is usually the first manifestation of the disease? |
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Definition
| Polycystic Kidney Disease. Pain is usually the first manifestation of the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdominal or flank pain, hypertension, nocturia, increased abdominal girth, constipation, bloody or cloudy urine, kidney stones. |
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Term
| Define the following words: nocturia, hematuria, proteinuria, obliguria, anuria. |
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Definition
| Nocturia=need to urinate excessively @ night, hematuria=blood in urine, proteinuria=protein in urine, obliguria=<500mL in 24 hrs, anuria=<100 mL 24 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of the kidney-Obstruction of urine flow so it collects in the renal pelvis & kidney tissue. Kidney pressure increases as the volume of urine increases. The blood vessels and renal tubules can be damaged extensively. |
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Term
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Definition
| hydroureter=enlargement of ureters d/t obstruction of urine outflow. Ureters most easily obstructed where the iliac vessels cross or where the ureters enter the bladder. Ureter dilation occurs above the obstruction and enlarges as urine collects. |
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Term
| What is a urethral stricture? |
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Definition
| There is an obstruction very low in the urinary tract, causing bladder distention before hydroureter and hydronephrosis. The problems and kidney damage are similar without prompt attention (can take just hours to cause damage) |
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Term
| What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? |
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Definition
| A nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland commonly occurring in men after the age of 50, and sometimes leading to compression of the urethra and obstruction of the flow of urine |
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Term
| Describe prostate cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the difference between organic & functional erectile dysfunction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give some info about testicular cancern. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct, specifically in the tunica vaginalis testis or along the spermatic cord. The condition is caused by inflammation of the epididymis or testis or by lymphatic or venous obstruction in the cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cyst of the epididymis containing spermatozoa |
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Definition
| varicosity of the pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord, forming a scrotal swelling that feels like a “bag of worms |
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Term
| What is testicular torsion? |
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Definition
| The testes are suspended in the scrotum by a single bundle of tissues- also carries the blood supply to and from the testes. If the testicle rotates, the bundle kinks, and the blood supply is shut off. The resulting is an emergency;testis will die w/in hours if the blood supply is not restored. |
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Term
| List some details about cancer of the penis. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A tightening of the foreskin of the penis that may close the opening of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| That is an erection lasting >4 hrs. The blood is trapped and needs to be released or permanent damage can occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the prostate gland, a common condition in adult males. Often caused by infection, prostatitis may develop rapidly (acute) or slowly (chronic) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation or infection of the epididymis. In this long coiled tube attached to the upper part of each testicle, sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the testis, accompanied by swelling, pain, fever, and a sensation of heaviness in the affected area |
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Definition
| when a UTI progresses to involve the upper urinary system (the kidneys and ureters). |
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Term
| What is Glomerulonephritis? |
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Definition
| a type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the blood is damaged. |
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Term
| What are some of the s/s of glomerulonephritis? |
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Definition
| Blood in the urine (dark, rust-colored, or brown urine) *Foamy urine (due to excess protein in the urine) *Swelling (edema) of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| hardening of the kidney, usually associated with hypertension and disease of the renal arterioles. It is characterized as benign or malignant depending on the severity and rapidity of the hypertension and arteriolar changes |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the urethra. The most common symptom is painful or difficult urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the lining of the bladder. It usually occurs when the normally sterile urethra and bladder are infected by bacteria and become irritated and inflamed. Cystitis is fairly common in all ages. More common in women. |
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Term
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Definition
The process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra.
Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine & pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. |
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Term
| What are the two main drugs used when a patient is experiencing Urolithiasis? |
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Definition
| Urolithiasis is the presence of stones in the urinary tract. PAINFUL so opiates are the first choice...morphine or Toradol are usual choices. |
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Term
| If pain is felt just in the flanks, where is the stone usually located? |
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Definition
| Stone is usually in the kidney or upper ureter. |
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Term
| If pain spreads from flanks, to abdomen and perhaps to scrotum, testicles or vulva, where is the kidney stone probably located? |
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Definition
| The stone is probably located in the bladder or ureter. |
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Term
| Name some contributing factors to UTIs |
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Definition
| Catheters! obstruction of urine flow (pooling of urine), stones, DM (sweet blood), Alkaletic urine (bacteria grows easier) Gender women > men, antibiotics, steroids |
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Term
| What is the most common bacteria that causes UTIs |
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Definition
| E. Coli is responsible for up to 90% of UTIs |
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Term
| Common signs/symptoms of UTI |
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Definition
| Frequency, urgency, dysuria |
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Term
| Lab assessments found w/UTIs |
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Definition
| presence of leukocyte esterase & nitrate, WBC & RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| This is when a high % of neutraphils are found in sample...These are immature WBC. They are unable to respond to infection=urosepsis. |
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cells in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of stones in the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of stones in the KIDNEY |
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Term
| What is ureterolithiasis? |
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Definition
| formation of stones in the ureter. |
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Term
| 75% of stones have one of two substances.... |
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Definition
| 75% of stones have calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. |
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Term
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Definition
| stone removal from the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ureter repair or revision |
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Term
| What is ureteral reimplantation? |
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Definition
| use another site in the bladder wall |
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Term
| Key features of acute pyelonephritis include: |
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Definition
| fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, flank pain, back pain, loin pain, tender costal vertebral angle, abdominal discomfort, n/v, general malaise, fatigue, burning, urgency, frequeny of urination, nocturia |
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Term
| Key features of chronic pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| hypertension, inability to preserve sodiu, decreased urine concentrating ability (nocturia), tendency to develop hyperkalemia an acidosis |
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