Term
| What are the sensors for Volume in the Body |
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Definition
Baroreceptors: Carotid and Aortic Arch
Atrial Receptors
J-G Cells
Afferent Arteriole |
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Term
| Where are the sensors for osmolarity located in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| In the pathway for volume homeostasis what are the mechanisms used to alter blood volume? |
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Definition
Renin-Andiotensin-Aldosterone
ADH
Pressure Diuresis
Atrial natiuretic Peptide
Sympathetics |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms used in response to an alteration in your bodys osmolarity |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common causes of SIADH |
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Definition
Brain: Tumors, Abcesses, Hemorrhages
Thoracic Growths/Obstructions
Drugs (Usually Sulfur containing) |
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Term
| What are common causes of Hypernatremia |
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Definition
Hypovolemia: Blunted Thirst Response/Water Unobtainable, Osmotic Diarrhea
Hypervolemia: Forced Salt Load
Euvolemia: Diabetics, AVP insensitive |
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Term
| What is the most serious complication of hyponatremia treatment? |
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Definition
| Brain Swelling-> Encephalopathy or even Death |
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Term
| What is the difference between men and women in terms of water distributions? |
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Definition
ICF+ECF= 50% of water for women
60% of water for men |
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Term
| Which sensing system, Volume Sensors or Osmolarity Sensors, exert a more potent response and which system is more sensitive to changes? |
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Definition
Volume system is more potent
Osmolarity System is more sensitive |
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Term
| What is the best clinical way to assess dehydration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common causes of absolute Hyponatremia |
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Definition
Profuse Diaphoresis
GI Loss (Diarrhea) |
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Term
What type of Hyponatremia is see in a patient with edema?
A positive tilt test?
A Na Urine of >40mg/L? |
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Definition
Edema: Hypervolemic
Tilt: Hypovolemic
Na Urine: Euvolemic/SIADH |
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Term
| What is the typical urine sodium concentration in a Hypervolemic Hyponatremic Patient, Euvolemic Hyponatremic Patient, Hypovolemic Hyponatremic Patient? |
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Definition
Hypervolemic: <20mg/L
Hypovolemic: <20mg/L
Euvolemic(siADH): >40mg/L |
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Term
| What are the treatment options for SIADH? |
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Definition
Increase Salt
Decrease Water
Loop Diuretics
AVP Antagonist |
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Term
| What is the treatment for acute hyponatremia and how does it differ from the treatment for chronic Hyponatremia? |
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Definition
Acute: 3% Saline giving 0.5 mEq/hr
Chronic: Slow 0.9 % Saline |
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Term
| Why would you expect to see hypernaturia in a patient with siADH? |
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Definition
| There is no low volume stimulus to maintain Sodium Resorption |
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