Term
Hydrochlorithiazide (HCTZ)
Thiazide Diuretic |
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Definition
Used for mild/mod HTN
S/E: FVD, hypokalemia, dec electrolytes (except Ca), Inc CBG, lipid panel, ototoxicity (minor and rare)
All S/E are less severe than lasix
Caution w/ digoxin and NSAIDS |
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Term
Furosemide (Lasix)
Loop (High-ceiling) diuretic |
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Definition
Use for HTN (Only if other drugs aren't working), to move fluid out of wrong part of body (ex: lungs). Pulmonary edema or generalized edema
Works even w/ kidney failure
S/E: FVD, vasodilation, hypotension, hypokalemia, ototoxicity (large IV doses), leg cramps
Monitor electrolyte panel (Most go down, except Ca)
Caution in DM (can cause hyperglycemia), Inc LDL, Dec HDL
ADR: Digoxin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, NSAIDS |
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Term
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic |
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Definition
Aldosterone Antagonist
Saves K+, kicks out Na+
S/E: Hyperkalemia, steroid-like (body hair growth, mentrual irregularities, impotence, etc)
Monitor Na+ levels
Caution w/ ACE inhibitors (esp Lisinopril)
No K+ salts or replacements |
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Term
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Antibiotic |
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Definition
Broad-spectrum, bacteriocidal
Inhibits DNA production
Very high degree of solubility --> very high conc. in urine
Does not effectively cross BBB
S/E: Well tol by most. N/V/D, abd cramping, dizziness, HA, candida vaginitis
Caution w/ tendons and kids under 18
No dairy, Fe, Mg, Al, zinc, theophylline
Normal doses: 7-10 days, Large doses: 3 days. Or 1 huge dose (Inc risk for S/E) |
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Term
Sulfonamides (SMZ)
Antibiotics |
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Definition
Broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic
G+ and G-, MRSA
Used primarily for UTI's
Dec folic acid production --> Dec RNA/DNA
High degree of solubility --> high conc in urine
S/E: Hypersensitivity, blood dyscrasias (anemias), urine crystal formation
Drug interactions: Coumadin, oral hypoglycemics
Cross sensitivity w/ Lasix and thiazides
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Term
Trimethoprim (TMP)
Antibiotic |
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Definition
Broad-spectrum, bacteriocidal/static (depending on dosage)
MRSA and E.Coli
Dec folic acid production --> Dec RNA/DNA
High degree of solubility --> high conc in urine
S/E: GI tract- N/V, itching and rash, blood dyscrasias (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
Combo: TMP/SMZ. More powerful than drugs by themselves. S/E: Most like sulfonamides.
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